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Hematobium schistosomiasis control for health management of labor force generation at Nkhotakota and Lilongwe in the Republic of Malawi—assumed to be related to occupational risk
BACKGROUND: In Malawi, hematobium schistosomiasis is highly endemic. According to previous studies, countermeasures have been conducted mainly in school-aged children. In this study, we focused on the age groups, which are assumed to be major labor force generation. Hematobium schistosomiasis is sup...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6498665/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31073271 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41182-019-0155-8 |
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author | Mishima, Nobuyuki Jemu, Samuel K. Kuroda, Tomoaki Tabuchi, Koichiro Darcy, Andrew W. Shimono, Takaki Lamaningao, Pheophet Miyake, Mari Kanda, Seiji Ng’ambi, Susan Komai, Yoshihiro Maeba, Hirofumi Amano, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Toshimasa |
author_facet | Mishima, Nobuyuki Jemu, Samuel K. Kuroda, Tomoaki Tabuchi, Koichiro Darcy, Andrew W. Shimono, Takaki Lamaningao, Pheophet Miyake, Mari Kanda, Seiji Ng’ambi, Susan Komai, Yoshihiro Maeba, Hirofumi Amano, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Toshimasa |
author_sort | Mishima, Nobuyuki |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: In Malawi, hematobium schistosomiasis is highly endemic. According to previous studies, countermeasures have been conducted mainly in school-aged children. In this study, we focused on the age groups, which are assumed to be major labor force generation. Hematobium schistosomiasis is supposed to be related to occupational activities in schistosome-endemic countries because of its infectious route. We chronologically followed the transition of schistosome egg-positive prevalence before and after mass drug administration of praziquantel (MDA) by using a urine filtering examination. We also analyzed the effectiveness of urine reagent strips from the cost perspective. RESULTS: The egg-positive prevalence was 34.3% (95% CI 28.5–40.5) just before MDA in June 2010 and the highest prevalence was in the age of twenties. The egg-positive prevalence reduced to 12.7% (95% CI 9.2–17.3, p < 0.01) 8 weeks after the first MDA and the prevalence reduced to 6.9% (95% CI 4.6–10.0, p < 0.01) after the second MDA in August 2011. The egg-positive prevalence after MDA in 2013 was reduced from 3.8% (95% CI 2.1–6.9) to 0.9% (95% CI 0.3–3.4) and p value was 0.050. Using urine reagent strips after MDA, the positive predictive value decreased, but the negative predictive value remained high. The cost of one urine reagent strip and one tablet of praziquantel were US$0.06 and US$0.125 in 2013 in Malawi. If the egg-positive prevalence is 40%, screening subjects for MDA using urine reagent strips, the cost reduction can be estimated to be about 24%, showing an overall cost reduction. CONCLUSIONS: MDA of praziquantel can assuredly reduce schistosome egg-positive prevalence. The combination of MDA and urine reagent strips could be both a practical and cost-effective countermeasure for hematobium schistosomiasis. It is key to recognize that hematobium schistosomiasis could be considered a disease that is assumed to have some concern with occupational risk at Nkhotakota and Lilongwe in Malawi. From this point of view, it is very important to manage workers’ health; the sound labor force generation is vital for economic growth and development in these areas and countries. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6498665 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64986652019-05-09 Hematobium schistosomiasis control for health management of labor force generation at Nkhotakota and Lilongwe in the Republic of Malawi—assumed to be related to occupational risk Mishima, Nobuyuki Jemu, Samuel K. Kuroda, Tomoaki Tabuchi, Koichiro Darcy, Andrew W. Shimono, Takaki Lamaningao, Pheophet Miyake, Mari Kanda, Seiji Ng’ambi, Susan Komai, Yoshihiro Maeba, Hirofumi Amano, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Toshimasa Trop Med Health Research BACKGROUND: In Malawi, hematobium schistosomiasis is highly endemic. According to previous studies, countermeasures have been conducted mainly in school-aged children. In this study, we focused on the age groups, which are assumed to be major labor force generation. Hematobium schistosomiasis is supposed to be related to occupational activities in schistosome-endemic countries because of its infectious route. We chronologically followed the transition of schistosome egg-positive prevalence before and after mass drug administration of praziquantel (MDA) by using a urine filtering examination. We also analyzed the effectiveness of urine reagent strips from the cost perspective. RESULTS: The egg-positive prevalence was 34.3% (95% CI 28.5–40.5) just before MDA in June 2010 and the highest prevalence was in the age of twenties. The egg-positive prevalence reduced to 12.7% (95% CI 9.2–17.3, p < 0.01) 8 weeks after the first MDA and the prevalence reduced to 6.9% (95% CI 4.6–10.0, p < 0.01) after the second MDA in August 2011. The egg-positive prevalence after MDA in 2013 was reduced from 3.8% (95% CI 2.1–6.9) to 0.9% (95% CI 0.3–3.4) and p value was 0.050. Using urine reagent strips after MDA, the positive predictive value decreased, but the negative predictive value remained high. The cost of one urine reagent strip and one tablet of praziquantel were US$0.06 and US$0.125 in 2013 in Malawi. If the egg-positive prevalence is 40%, screening subjects for MDA using urine reagent strips, the cost reduction can be estimated to be about 24%, showing an overall cost reduction. CONCLUSIONS: MDA of praziquantel can assuredly reduce schistosome egg-positive prevalence. The combination of MDA and urine reagent strips could be both a practical and cost-effective countermeasure for hematobium schistosomiasis. It is key to recognize that hematobium schistosomiasis could be considered a disease that is assumed to have some concern with occupational risk at Nkhotakota and Lilongwe in Malawi. From this point of view, it is very important to manage workers’ health; the sound labor force generation is vital for economic growth and development in these areas and countries. BioMed Central 2019-05-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6498665/ /pubmed/31073271 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41182-019-0155-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Mishima, Nobuyuki Jemu, Samuel K. Kuroda, Tomoaki Tabuchi, Koichiro Darcy, Andrew W. Shimono, Takaki Lamaningao, Pheophet Miyake, Mari Kanda, Seiji Ng’ambi, Susan Komai, Yoshihiro Maeba, Hirofumi Amano, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Toshimasa Hematobium schistosomiasis control for health management of labor force generation at Nkhotakota and Lilongwe in the Republic of Malawi—assumed to be related to occupational risk |
title | Hematobium schistosomiasis control for health management of labor force generation at Nkhotakota and Lilongwe in the Republic of Malawi—assumed to be related to occupational risk |
title_full | Hematobium schistosomiasis control for health management of labor force generation at Nkhotakota and Lilongwe in the Republic of Malawi—assumed to be related to occupational risk |
title_fullStr | Hematobium schistosomiasis control for health management of labor force generation at Nkhotakota and Lilongwe in the Republic of Malawi—assumed to be related to occupational risk |
title_full_unstemmed | Hematobium schistosomiasis control for health management of labor force generation at Nkhotakota and Lilongwe in the Republic of Malawi—assumed to be related to occupational risk |
title_short | Hematobium schistosomiasis control for health management of labor force generation at Nkhotakota and Lilongwe in the Republic of Malawi—assumed to be related to occupational risk |
title_sort | hematobium schistosomiasis control for health management of labor force generation at nkhotakota and lilongwe in the republic of malawi—assumed to be related to occupational risk |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6498665/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31073271 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41182-019-0155-8 |
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