Manganese affects the growth and metabolism of Ganoderma lucidum based on LC-MS analysis

BACKGROUND: As a metal-enriched edible fungus, Ganoderma lucidum is capable of adsorbing manganese effectively. And the manganese ion is demonstrated to play an important role in the synthesis of manganese peroxidase (Mnp) and other physiological activities during G. lucidum growth. Recently, the influence of manganese on the metabolites of G. lucidum fruiting bodies can be revealed through metabonomics technique. METHODS: In this study, we uncovered the changes between the control and 200 mg/kg Mn-treated fruiting bodies with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS: The mycelial growth rate, dry yield, Mnp activity , total polysaccharide content, triterpenoid content, and total manganese content in the mature fruiting bodies of G. lucidum changed between the control and different Mn-treated groups. Based on LC-MS method, a total of 16 significantly different metabolites were obtained and identified, among which, five presented significantly down-regulated and 11 up-regulated in Mn-treated samples. The metabolites chavicol and palmitoylethanolamide were particularly significantly up-regulated, and were found the strong promotion relationship. Dependent on the MetPA database, four KEGG pathways were detected and glycerophospholipid metabolism was most impacted, in which, choline was involved in. DISCUSSION: The added manganese ion in the substrate enhanced Mnp activities, and consequently promoted the mycelial growth, yield , metabolites in the fruiting bodies including triterpenoids, total manganese, chavicol, etc. Our finding can provide a theoretical reference to regulation of manganese on the physiological metabolism of G. lucidum.