The role of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in selected biological process of wild fish

Defense mechanisms of fish are investigated in many aspects. One of the most interesting systems is that based on non-specific immune factors whose mechanisms of biocontrol have evolved in complex processes of microbiological co-existence. The wild fish devoid of probiotic stimulation have developed their own system to control the biosynthesis of immunostimulating compounds based on commensal microflora. Results of this study demonstrated the gastrointestinal tract (GI) of wild fish (Abramis brama, Rutilus rutilus, Perca fluviatilis) was colonized by permanently residing strains of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The genetic profile of the tested strains (PCR–random amplification of polymorphic DNA) indicated their affinity only to the GI of the analyzed fish. The capability for biosynthesis of β-carotene, torulene, torularhodin, and exopolysaccharides (EPS) under conditions of fish gastrointestinal tract was found to be a strain-specific trait. Rhodotorula spp. interactions with fish should be considered as a mechanism of symbiotic relations based on the stimulation of non-specific mechanisms of fish immunoprotection and antioxidative properties of yeast.