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Mammographic breast density and its association with urinary estrogens and the fecal microbiota in postmenopausal women
BACKGROUND: Breast density, as estimated by mammography, is a strong risk factor for breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women, but the determinants of breast density have not yet been established. The aim of this study was to assess if urinary estrogens or gut microbiota alterations are associ...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6505928/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31067262 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216114 |
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author | Jones, Gieira S. Spencer Feigelson, Heather Falk, Roni T. Hua, Xing Ravel, Jacques Yu, Guoqin Flores, Roberto Gail, Mitchell H. Shi, Jianxin Xu, Xia Goedert, James J. |
author_facet | Jones, Gieira S. Spencer Feigelson, Heather Falk, Roni T. Hua, Xing Ravel, Jacques Yu, Guoqin Flores, Roberto Gail, Mitchell H. Shi, Jianxin Xu, Xia Goedert, James J. |
author_sort | Jones, Gieira S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Breast density, as estimated by mammography, is a strong risk factor for breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women, but the determinants of breast density have not yet been established. The aim of this study was to assess if urinary estrogens or gut microbiota alterations are associated with mammographic density in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Among 54 cancer-free, postmenopausal controls in the Breast and Colon Health study, we classified low- versus high-density women with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS, 5(th) edition) mammographic screening data, then assessed associations with urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites (determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry), and fecal microbiota alpha and beta diversity (using Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons). RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression revealed no significant association between breast density and fecal microbiota metrics (PD_tree P-value = 0.82; un-weighted and weighted UniFrac P = 0.92 and 0.83, respectively, both by MiRKAT). In contrast, total urinary estrogens (and all 15 estrogens/estrogen metabolites) were strongly and inversely associated with breast density (P = 0.01) after adjustment for age and body mass index. CONCLUSION: Mammographic density was not associated with the gut microbiota, but it was inversely associated with urinary estrogen levels. IMPACT: The finding of an inverse association between urinary estrogens and breast density in cancer-free women adds to the growing breast cancer literature on understanding the relationship between endogenous estrogens and mammographic density. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6505928 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65059282019-05-23 Mammographic breast density and its association with urinary estrogens and the fecal microbiota in postmenopausal women Jones, Gieira S. Spencer Feigelson, Heather Falk, Roni T. Hua, Xing Ravel, Jacques Yu, Guoqin Flores, Roberto Gail, Mitchell H. Shi, Jianxin Xu, Xia Goedert, James J. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Breast density, as estimated by mammography, is a strong risk factor for breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women, but the determinants of breast density have not yet been established. The aim of this study was to assess if urinary estrogens or gut microbiota alterations are associated with mammographic density in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Among 54 cancer-free, postmenopausal controls in the Breast and Colon Health study, we classified low- versus high-density women with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS, 5(th) edition) mammographic screening data, then assessed associations with urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites (determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry), and fecal microbiota alpha and beta diversity (using Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons). RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression revealed no significant association between breast density and fecal microbiota metrics (PD_tree P-value = 0.82; un-weighted and weighted UniFrac P = 0.92 and 0.83, respectively, both by MiRKAT). In contrast, total urinary estrogens (and all 15 estrogens/estrogen metabolites) were strongly and inversely associated with breast density (P = 0.01) after adjustment for age and body mass index. CONCLUSION: Mammographic density was not associated with the gut microbiota, but it was inversely associated with urinary estrogen levels. IMPACT: The finding of an inverse association between urinary estrogens and breast density in cancer-free women adds to the growing breast cancer literature on understanding the relationship between endogenous estrogens and mammographic density. Public Library of Science 2019-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6505928/ /pubmed/31067262 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216114 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Jones, Gieira S. Spencer Feigelson, Heather Falk, Roni T. Hua, Xing Ravel, Jacques Yu, Guoqin Flores, Roberto Gail, Mitchell H. Shi, Jianxin Xu, Xia Goedert, James J. Mammographic breast density and its association with urinary estrogens and the fecal microbiota in postmenopausal women |
title | Mammographic breast density and its association with urinary estrogens and the fecal microbiota in postmenopausal women |
title_full | Mammographic breast density and its association with urinary estrogens and the fecal microbiota in postmenopausal women |
title_fullStr | Mammographic breast density and its association with urinary estrogens and the fecal microbiota in postmenopausal women |
title_full_unstemmed | Mammographic breast density and its association with urinary estrogens and the fecal microbiota in postmenopausal women |
title_short | Mammographic breast density and its association with urinary estrogens and the fecal microbiota in postmenopausal women |
title_sort | mammographic breast density and its association with urinary estrogens and the fecal microbiota in postmenopausal women |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6505928/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31067262 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216114 |
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