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Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor–specific modulations in movies

Under typical daytime light levels, the human pupillary light response (PLR) is driven by the activity of the L, M, and S cones, and melanopsin expressed in the so-called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). However, the importance of each of these photoreceptive mechanisms...

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Autores principales: Spitschan, Manuel, Gardasevic, Marina, Martial, Franck P., Lucas, Robert J., Allen, Annette E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6508665/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31071113
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216307
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author Spitschan, Manuel
Gardasevic, Marina
Martial, Franck P.
Lucas, Robert J.
Allen, Annette E.
author_facet Spitschan, Manuel
Gardasevic, Marina
Martial, Franck P.
Lucas, Robert J.
Allen, Annette E.
author_sort Spitschan, Manuel
collection PubMed
description Under typical daytime light levels, the human pupillary light response (PLR) is driven by the activity of the L, M, and S cones, and melanopsin expressed in the so-called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). However, the importance of each of these photoreceptive mechanisms in defining pupil size under real-world viewing conditions remains to be established. To address this question, we embedded photoreceptor-specific modulations in a movie displayed using a novel projector-based five-primary spatial stimulation system, which allowed for the precise control of photoreceptor activations in time and space. We measured the pupillary light response in eleven observers, who viewed short cartoon movies which contained hidden low-frequency (0.25 Hz) silent-substitution modulations of the L, M and S cones (no stimulation of melanopsin), melanopsin (no stimulation of L, M and S cones), both L, M, and S cones and melanopsin or no modulation at all. We find that all photoreceptors active at photopic light levels regulate pupil size under this condition. Our data imply that embedding modulations in photoreceptor contrast could provide a method to manipulate key adaptive aspects of the human visual system in everyday, real-world activities such as watching a movie.
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spelling pubmed-65086652019-05-23 Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor–specific modulations in movies Spitschan, Manuel Gardasevic, Marina Martial, Franck P. Lucas, Robert J. Allen, Annette E. PLoS One Research Article Under typical daytime light levels, the human pupillary light response (PLR) is driven by the activity of the L, M, and S cones, and melanopsin expressed in the so-called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). However, the importance of each of these photoreceptive mechanisms in defining pupil size under real-world viewing conditions remains to be established. To address this question, we embedded photoreceptor-specific modulations in a movie displayed using a novel projector-based five-primary spatial stimulation system, which allowed for the precise control of photoreceptor activations in time and space. We measured the pupillary light response in eleven observers, who viewed short cartoon movies which contained hidden low-frequency (0.25 Hz) silent-substitution modulations of the L, M and S cones (no stimulation of melanopsin), melanopsin (no stimulation of L, M and S cones), both L, M, and S cones and melanopsin or no modulation at all. We find that all photoreceptors active at photopic light levels regulate pupil size under this condition. Our data imply that embedding modulations in photoreceptor contrast could provide a method to manipulate key adaptive aspects of the human visual system in everyday, real-world activities such as watching a movie. Public Library of Science 2019-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6508665/ /pubmed/31071113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216307 Text en © 2019 Spitschan et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Spitschan, Manuel
Gardasevic, Marina
Martial, Franck P.
Lucas, Robert J.
Allen, Annette E.
Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor–specific modulations in movies
title Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor–specific modulations in movies
title_full Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor–specific modulations in movies
title_fullStr Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor–specific modulations in movies
title_full_unstemmed Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor–specific modulations in movies
title_short Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor–specific modulations in movies
title_sort pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor–specific modulations in movies
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6508665/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31071113
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216307
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