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Immunomodulation From Moderate Exercise Promotes Control of Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Physical exercise has been described as an important tool in the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases as it promotes a range of responses and adaptations in several biological systems, including the immune system. Studies on the effect of exercise on the immune system could play a critical...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6510011/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31131262 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00115 |
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author | Terra, Rodrigo Alves, Pedro J. F. Lima, Ana K. C. Gomes, Shayane M. R. Rodrigues, Luciana S. Salerno, Verônica P. Da-Silva, Silvia A. G. Dutra, Patricia M. L. |
author_facet | Terra, Rodrigo Alves, Pedro J. F. Lima, Ana K. C. Gomes, Shayane M. R. Rodrigues, Luciana S. Salerno, Verônica P. Da-Silva, Silvia A. G. Dutra, Patricia M. L. |
author_sort | Terra, Rodrigo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Physical exercise has been described as an important tool in the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases as it promotes a range of responses and adaptations in several biological systems, including the immune system. Studies on the effect of exercise on the immune system could play a critical role in improving public health. Current literature suggests that moderate intensity exercise can modulate the Th1/Th2 dichotomy directing the immune system to a Th1 cellular immune response, which favors the resolution of infections caused by intracellular microorganisms. Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases presenting a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that range from self-limiting lesions to visceral injuries whose severity can lead to death. The etiological agents responsible for this group of diseases are protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Infections by the parasite Leishmania major in mice (Balb/c) provide a prototype model for the polarization of CD4+ T cell responses of both Th1 (resistance) or Th2 (susceptibility), which determines the progression of infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on the development of L. major experimental infections by scanning the pattern of immune response caused by exercise. Groups of Balb/c mice infected with L. major were divided into groups that preformed a physical exercise of swimming three times a week or were sedentary along with treatment or not with the reference drug, meglumine antimoniate. Animals in groups submitted to physical exercise did not appear to develop lesions and presented a significantly lower parasite load independent of drug treatment. They also showed a positive delayed hypersensitivity response to a specific Leishmania antigen compared to control animals. The IFN-γ/IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL10 ratios in trained animals were clearly tilted to a Th1 response in lymph node cells. These data suggest that moderate intensity exercise is able to modulate the Th1 response that provides a protective effect against the development of leishmanial lesions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6510011 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65100112019-05-24 Immunomodulation From Moderate Exercise Promotes Control of Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Terra, Rodrigo Alves, Pedro J. F. Lima, Ana K. C. Gomes, Shayane M. R. Rodrigues, Luciana S. Salerno, Verônica P. Da-Silva, Silvia A. G. Dutra, Patricia M. L. Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Physical exercise has been described as an important tool in the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases as it promotes a range of responses and adaptations in several biological systems, including the immune system. Studies on the effect of exercise on the immune system could play a critical role in improving public health. Current literature suggests that moderate intensity exercise can modulate the Th1/Th2 dichotomy directing the immune system to a Th1 cellular immune response, which favors the resolution of infections caused by intracellular microorganisms. Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases presenting a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that range from self-limiting lesions to visceral injuries whose severity can lead to death. The etiological agents responsible for this group of diseases are protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Infections by the parasite Leishmania major in mice (Balb/c) provide a prototype model for the polarization of CD4+ T cell responses of both Th1 (resistance) or Th2 (susceptibility), which determines the progression of infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on the development of L. major experimental infections by scanning the pattern of immune response caused by exercise. Groups of Balb/c mice infected with L. major were divided into groups that preformed a physical exercise of swimming three times a week or were sedentary along with treatment or not with the reference drug, meglumine antimoniate. Animals in groups submitted to physical exercise did not appear to develop lesions and presented a significantly lower parasite load independent of drug treatment. They also showed a positive delayed hypersensitivity response to a specific Leishmania antigen compared to control animals. The IFN-γ/IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL10 ratios in trained animals were clearly tilted to a Th1 response in lymph node cells. These data suggest that moderate intensity exercise is able to modulate the Th1 response that provides a protective effect against the development of leishmanial lesions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6510011/ /pubmed/31131262 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00115 Text en Copyright © 2019 Terra, Alves, Lima, Gomes, Rodrigues, Salerno, Da-Silva and Dutra. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cellular and Infection Microbiology Terra, Rodrigo Alves, Pedro J. F. Lima, Ana K. C. Gomes, Shayane M. R. Rodrigues, Luciana S. Salerno, Verônica P. Da-Silva, Silvia A. G. Dutra, Patricia M. L. Immunomodulation From Moderate Exercise Promotes Control of Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis |
title | Immunomodulation From Moderate Exercise Promotes Control of Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis |
title_full | Immunomodulation From Moderate Exercise Promotes Control of Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis |
title_fullStr | Immunomodulation From Moderate Exercise Promotes Control of Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulation From Moderate Exercise Promotes Control of Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis |
title_short | Immunomodulation From Moderate Exercise Promotes Control of Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis |
title_sort | immunomodulation from moderate exercise promotes control of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis |
topic | Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6510011/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31131262 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00115 |
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