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OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines

Routine vaccination is among the most effective clinical interventions to prevent diseases as it is estimated to save over 3 million lives every year. However, the full potential of global immunization programs is not realised because population coverage is still suboptimal. This is also due to the...

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Autores principales: Cotugno, Nicola, Ruggiero, Alessandra, Santilli, Veronica, Manno, Emma Concetta, Rocca, Salvatore, Zicari, Sonia, Amodio, Donato, Colucci, Manuela, Rossi, Paolo, Levy, Ofer, Martinon-Torres, Federico, Pollard, Andrew J., Palma, Paolo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6512027/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31183393
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8732191
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author Cotugno, Nicola
Ruggiero, Alessandra
Santilli, Veronica
Manno, Emma Concetta
Rocca, Salvatore
Zicari, Sonia
Amodio, Donato
Colucci, Manuela
Rossi, Paolo
Levy, Ofer
Martinon-Torres, Federico
Pollard, Andrew J.
Palma, Paolo
author_facet Cotugno, Nicola
Ruggiero, Alessandra
Santilli, Veronica
Manno, Emma Concetta
Rocca, Salvatore
Zicari, Sonia
Amodio, Donato
Colucci, Manuela
Rossi, Paolo
Levy, Ofer
Martinon-Torres, Federico
Pollard, Andrew J.
Palma, Paolo
author_sort Cotugno, Nicola
collection PubMed
description Routine vaccination is among the most effective clinical interventions to prevent diseases as it is estimated to save over 3 million lives every year. However, the full potential of global immunization programs is not realised because population coverage is still suboptimal. This is also due to the inadequate immune response and paucity of informative correlates of protection upon immunization of vulnerable individuals such as newborns, preterm infants, pregnant women, and elderly individuals as well as those patients affected by chronic and immune compromising medical conditions. In addition, these groups are undervaccinated for a number of reasons, including lack of awareness of vaccine-preventable diseases and uncertainty or misconceptions about the safety and efficacy of vaccination by parents and healthcare providers. The presence of these nonresponders/undervaccinated individuals represents a major health and economic burden to society, which will become particularly difficult to address in settings with limited public resources. This review describes innovative and experimental approaches that can help identify specific genomic profiles defining nonresponder individuals for whom specific interventions might be needed. We will provide examples that show how such information can be useful to identify novel biomarkers of safety and immunogenicity for future vaccine trials. Finally, we will discuss how system biology “OMICs” data can be used to design bioinformatic tools to predict the vaccination outcome providing genetic and molecular “signatures” of protective immune response. This strategy may soon enable identification of signatures highly predictive of vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy/protection thereby informing personalized vaccine interventions in vulnerable populations.
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spelling pubmed-65120272019-06-10 OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines Cotugno, Nicola Ruggiero, Alessandra Santilli, Veronica Manno, Emma Concetta Rocca, Salvatore Zicari, Sonia Amodio, Donato Colucci, Manuela Rossi, Paolo Levy, Ofer Martinon-Torres, Federico Pollard, Andrew J. Palma, Paolo J Immunol Res Review Article Routine vaccination is among the most effective clinical interventions to prevent diseases as it is estimated to save over 3 million lives every year. However, the full potential of global immunization programs is not realised because population coverage is still suboptimal. This is also due to the inadequate immune response and paucity of informative correlates of protection upon immunization of vulnerable individuals such as newborns, preterm infants, pregnant women, and elderly individuals as well as those patients affected by chronic and immune compromising medical conditions. In addition, these groups are undervaccinated for a number of reasons, including lack of awareness of vaccine-preventable diseases and uncertainty or misconceptions about the safety and efficacy of vaccination by parents and healthcare providers. The presence of these nonresponders/undervaccinated individuals represents a major health and economic burden to society, which will become particularly difficult to address in settings with limited public resources. This review describes innovative and experimental approaches that can help identify specific genomic profiles defining nonresponder individuals for whom specific interventions might be needed. We will provide examples that show how such information can be useful to identify novel biomarkers of safety and immunogenicity for future vaccine trials. Finally, we will discuss how system biology “OMICs” data can be used to design bioinformatic tools to predict the vaccination outcome providing genetic and molecular “signatures” of protective immune response. This strategy may soon enable identification of signatures highly predictive of vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy/protection thereby informing personalized vaccine interventions in vulnerable populations. Hindawi 2019-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6512027/ /pubmed/31183393 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8732191 Text en Copyright © 2019 Nicola Cotugno et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Cotugno, Nicola
Ruggiero, Alessandra
Santilli, Veronica
Manno, Emma Concetta
Rocca, Salvatore
Zicari, Sonia
Amodio, Donato
Colucci, Manuela
Rossi, Paolo
Levy, Ofer
Martinon-Torres, Federico
Pollard, Andrew J.
Palma, Paolo
OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines
title OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines
title_full OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines
title_fullStr OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines
title_full_unstemmed OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines
title_short OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines
title_sort omic technologies and vaccine development: from the identification of vulnerable individuals to the formulation of invulnerable vaccines
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6512027/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31183393
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8732191
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