Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?

In the past two decades, tRNA molecules and their corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) have been extensively used in synthetic biology to genetically encode post-translationally modified and unnatural amino acids. In this review, we briefly examine one fundamental requirement for the succ...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Melnikov, Sergey V., Söll, Dieter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Review
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6515474/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31010123
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081929
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author Melnikov, Sergey V.
Söll, Dieter
author_facet Melnikov, Sergey V.
Söll, Dieter
author_sort Melnikov, Sergey V.
collection PubMed
description In the past two decades, tRNA molecules and their corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) have been extensively used in synthetic biology to genetically encode post-translationally modified and unnatural amino acids. In this review, we briefly examine one fundamental requirement for the successful application of tRNA/aaRS pairs for expanding the genetic code. This requirement is known as “orthogonality”—the ability of a tRNA and its corresponding aaRS to interact exclusively with each other and avoid cross-reactions with additional types of tRNAs and aaRSs in a given organism.
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spelling pubmed-65154742019-05-30 Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal? Melnikov, Sergey V. Söll, Dieter Int J Mol Sci Review In the past two decades, tRNA molecules and their corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) have been extensively used in synthetic biology to genetically encode post-translationally modified and unnatural amino acids. In this review, we briefly examine one fundamental requirement for the successful application of tRNA/aaRS pairs for expanding the genetic code. This requirement is known as “orthogonality”—the ability of a tRNA and its corresponding aaRS to interact exclusively with each other and avoid cross-reactions with additional types of tRNAs and aaRSs in a given organism. MDPI 2019-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6515474/ /pubmed/31010123 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081929 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Melnikov, Sergey V.
Söll, Dieter
Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?
title Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?
title_full Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?
title_fullStr Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?
title_full_unstemmed Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?
title_short Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?
title_sort aminoacyl-trna synthetases and trnas for an expanded genetic code: what makes them orthogonal?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6515474/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31010123
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081929
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