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Retinal Defocus and Form-Deprivation Exposure Duration Affects RPE BMP Gene Expression
In the context of ocular development and eye growth regulation, retinal defocus and/or image contrast appear key variables although the nature of the signal(s) relayed from the retina to the sclera remains poorly understood. Nonetheless, under optimal visual conditions, eye length is brought into al...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6517395/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31089149 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43574-z |
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author | Zhang, Yan Phan, Eileen Wildsoet, Christine F. |
author_facet | Zhang, Yan Phan, Eileen Wildsoet, Christine F. |
author_sort | Zhang, Yan |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the context of ocular development and eye growth regulation, retinal defocus and/or image contrast appear key variables although the nature of the signal(s) relayed from the retina to the sclera remains poorly understood. Nonetheless, under optimal visual conditions, eye length is brought into alignment with its optical power to achieve approximate emmetropia, through appropriate adjustment to eye growth. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which lies between the retina and choroid/sclera, appears to play a crucial role in this process. In the investigations reported here, we used a chick model system to assess the threshold duration of exposure to lens-imposed defocus and form-deprivation necessary for conversion of evoked retinal signals into changes in BMP gene expression in the RPE. Our study provides evidence for the following: 1) close-loop, optical defocus-guided (negative and positive lenses) bidirectional BMP gene expression regulation, 2) open-loop, form-deprivation (diffusers)-induced down-regulation of BMP gene expression, and 3) early, transient up-regulation of BMP gene expression in response to both types of lens and diffuser applications. The critical exposure for accurately encoding retinal images as biological signals at the level of the RPE is in the order of minutes to hours, depending on the nature of the visual manipulations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6517395 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65173952019-05-24 Retinal Defocus and Form-Deprivation Exposure Duration Affects RPE BMP Gene Expression Zhang, Yan Phan, Eileen Wildsoet, Christine F. Sci Rep Article In the context of ocular development and eye growth regulation, retinal defocus and/or image contrast appear key variables although the nature of the signal(s) relayed from the retina to the sclera remains poorly understood. Nonetheless, under optimal visual conditions, eye length is brought into alignment with its optical power to achieve approximate emmetropia, through appropriate adjustment to eye growth. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which lies between the retina and choroid/sclera, appears to play a crucial role in this process. In the investigations reported here, we used a chick model system to assess the threshold duration of exposure to lens-imposed defocus and form-deprivation necessary for conversion of evoked retinal signals into changes in BMP gene expression in the RPE. Our study provides evidence for the following: 1) close-loop, optical defocus-guided (negative and positive lenses) bidirectional BMP gene expression regulation, 2) open-loop, form-deprivation (diffusers)-induced down-regulation of BMP gene expression, and 3) early, transient up-regulation of BMP gene expression in response to both types of lens and diffuser applications. The critical exposure for accurately encoding retinal images as biological signals at the level of the RPE is in the order of minutes to hours, depending on the nature of the visual manipulations. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6517395/ /pubmed/31089149 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43574-z Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Zhang, Yan Phan, Eileen Wildsoet, Christine F. Retinal Defocus and Form-Deprivation Exposure Duration Affects RPE BMP Gene Expression |
title | Retinal Defocus and Form-Deprivation Exposure Duration Affects RPE BMP Gene Expression |
title_full | Retinal Defocus and Form-Deprivation Exposure Duration Affects RPE BMP Gene Expression |
title_fullStr | Retinal Defocus and Form-Deprivation Exposure Duration Affects RPE BMP Gene Expression |
title_full_unstemmed | Retinal Defocus and Form-Deprivation Exposure Duration Affects RPE BMP Gene Expression |
title_short | Retinal Defocus and Form-Deprivation Exposure Duration Affects RPE BMP Gene Expression |
title_sort | retinal defocus and form-deprivation exposure duration affects rpe bmp gene expression |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6517395/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31089149 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43574-z |
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