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Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Associated With Mango Trees, a Particular Pathogen Within the “Hodgepodge” of the Pseudomonas syringae Complex
The Pseudomonas syringae complex comprises different genetic groups that include strains from both agricultural and environmental habitats. This complex group has been used for decades as a “hodgepodge,” including many taxonomically related species. More than 60 pathovars of P. syringae have been de...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6518948/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31139201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00570 |
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author | Gutiérrez-Barranquero, José A. Cazorla, Francisco M. de Vicente, Antonio |
author_facet | Gutiérrez-Barranquero, José A. Cazorla, Francisco M. de Vicente, Antonio |
author_sort | Gutiérrez-Barranquero, José A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Pseudomonas syringae complex comprises different genetic groups that include strains from both agricultural and environmental habitats. This complex group has been used for decades as a “hodgepodge,” including many taxonomically related species. More than 60 pathovars of P. syringae have been described based on distinct host ranges and disease symptoms they cause. These pathovars cause disease relying on an array of virulence mechanisms. However, P. syringae pv. syringae (Pss) is the most polyphagous bacterium in the P. syringae complex, based on its wide host range, that primarily affects woody and herbaceous host plants. In early 1990s, bacterial apical necrosis (BAN) of mango trees, a critical disease elicited by Pss in Southern Spain was described for the first time. Pss exhibits important epiphytic traits and virulence factors, which may promote its survival and pathogenicity in mango trees and in other plant hosts. Over more than two decades, Pss strains isolated from mango trees have been comprehensively investigated to elucidate the mechanisms that governs their epiphytic and pathogenic lifestyles. In particular, the vast majority of Pss strains isolated from mango trees produce an antimetabolite toxin, called mangotoxin, whose leading role in virulence has been clearly demonstrated. Moreover, phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic approaches support that Pss strains producers of BAN symptoms on mango trees all belong to a single phylotype within phylogroup 2, are adapted to the mango host, and produce mangotoxin. Remarkably, a genome sequencing project of the Pss model strain UMAF0158 revealed the presence of other factors that may play major roles in its different lifestyles, such as the presence of two different type III secretion systems, two type VI secretion systems and an operon for cellulose biosynthesis. The role of cellulose in increasing mango leaf colonization and biofilm formation, and impairing virulence of Pss, suggests that cellulose may play a pivotal role with regards to the balance of its different lifestyles. In addition, 62-kb plasmids belonging to the pPT23A-family of plasmids (PFPs) have been strongly associated with Pss strains that inhabit mango trees. Further, complete sequence and comparative genomic analyses revealed major roles of PFPs in detoxification of copper compounds and ultraviolet radiation resistance, both improving the epiphytic lifestyle of Pss on mango surfaces. Hence, in this review we summarize the research that has been conducted on Pss by our research group to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underpin the epiphytic and pathogenic lifestyle on mango trees. Finally, future directions in this particular plant–pathogen story are discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6518948 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65189482019-05-28 Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Associated With Mango Trees, a Particular Pathogen Within the “Hodgepodge” of the Pseudomonas syringae Complex Gutiérrez-Barranquero, José A. Cazorla, Francisco M. de Vicente, Antonio Front Plant Sci Plant Science The Pseudomonas syringae complex comprises different genetic groups that include strains from both agricultural and environmental habitats. This complex group has been used for decades as a “hodgepodge,” including many taxonomically related species. More than 60 pathovars of P. syringae have been described based on distinct host ranges and disease symptoms they cause. These pathovars cause disease relying on an array of virulence mechanisms. However, P. syringae pv. syringae (Pss) is the most polyphagous bacterium in the P. syringae complex, based on its wide host range, that primarily affects woody and herbaceous host plants. In early 1990s, bacterial apical necrosis (BAN) of mango trees, a critical disease elicited by Pss in Southern Spain was described for the first time. Pss exhibits important epiphytic traits and virulence factors, which may promote its survival and pathogenicity in mango trees and in other plant hosts. Over more than two decades, Pss strains isolated from mango trees have been comprehensively investigated to elucidate the mechanisms that governs their epiphytic and pathogenic lifestyles. In particular, the vast majority of Pss strains isolated from mango trees produce an antimetabolite toxin, called mangotoxin, whose leading role in virulence has been clearly demonstrated. Moreover, phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic approaches support that Pss strains producers of BAN symptoms on mango trees all belong to a single phylotype within phylogroup 2, are adapted to the mango host, and produce mangotoxin. Remarkably, a genome sequencing project of the Pss model strain UMAF0158 revealed the presence of other factors that may play major roles in its different lifestyles, such as the presence of two different type III secretion systems, two type VI secretion systems and an operon for cellulose biosynthesis. The role of cellulose in increasing mango leaf colonization and biofilm formation, and impairing virulence of Pss, suggests that cellulose may play a pivotal role with regards to the balance of its different lifestyles. In addition, 62-kb plasmids belonging to the pPT23A-family of plasmids (PFPs) have been strongly associated with Pss strains that inhabit mango trees. Further, complete sequence and comparative genomic analyses revealed major roles of PFPs in detoxification of copper compounds and ultraviolet radiation resistance, both improving the epiphytic lifestyle of Pss on mango surfaces. Hence, in this review we summarize the research that has been conducted on Pss by our research group to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underpin the epiphytic and pathogenic lifestyle on mango trees. Finally, future directions in this particular plant–pathogen story are discussed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6518948/ /pubmed/31139201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00570 Text en Copyright © 2019 Gutiérrez-Barranquero, Cazorla and de Vicente. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Gutiérrez-Barranquero, José A. Cazorla, Francisco M. de Vicente, Antonio Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Associated With Mango Trees, a Particular Pathogen Within the “Hodgepodge” of the Pseudomonas syringae Complex |
title | Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Associated With Mango Trees, a Particular Pathogen Within the “Hodgepodge” of the Pseudomonas syringae Complex |
title_full | Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Associated With Mango Trees, a Particular Pathogen Within the “Hodgepodge” of the Pseudomonas syringae Complex |
title_fullStr | Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Associated With Mango Trees, a Particular Pathogen Within the “Hodgepodge” of the Pseudomonas syringae Complex |
title_full_unstemmed | Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Associated With Mango Trees, a Particular Pathogen Within the “Hodgepodge” of the Pseudomonas syringae Complex |
title_short | Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Associated With Mango Trees, a Particular Pathogen Within the “Hodgepodge” of the Pseudomonas syringae Complex |
title_sort | pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae associated with mango trees, a particular pathogen within the “hodgepodge” of the pseudomonas syringae complex |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6518948/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31139201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00570 |
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