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Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU‐AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant impairments in adaptive functioning that impact on their ability to meet the demands of everyday life. A recurrent finding is that there is a pronounced discrepancy between level of cognitive ability and adaptive functioning, and th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6519242/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30741482 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2081 |
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author | Tillmann, Julian San José Cáceres, Antonia Chatham, Chris H. Crawley, Daisy Holt, Rosemary Oakley, Bethany Banaschewski, Tobias Baron‐Cohen, Simon Bölte, Sven Buitelaar, Jan K. Durston, Sarah Ham, Lindsay Loth, Eva Simonoff, Emily Spooren, Will Murphy, Declan G. Charman, Tony |
author_facet | Tillmann, Julian San José Cáceres, Antonia Chatham, Chris H. Crawley, Daisy Holt, Rosemary Oakley, Bethany Banaschewski, Tobias Baron‐Cohen, Simon Bölte, Sven Buitelaar, Jan K. Durston, Sarah Ham, Lindsay Loth, Eva Simonoff, Emily Spooren, Will Murphy, Declan G. Charman, Tony |
author_sort | Tillmann, Julian |
collection | PubMed |
description | Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant impairments in adaptive functioning that impact on their ability to meet the demands of everyday life. A recurrent finding is that there is a pronounced discrepancy between level of cognitive ability and adaptive functioning, and this is particularly prominent among higher‐ability individuals. However, the key clinical and demographic associations of these discrepancies remain unclear. This study included a sample of 417 children, adolescents, and adults with ASD as part of the EU‐AIMS LEAP cohort. We examined how age, sex, IQ, levels of ASD symptom and autistic trait severity and psychiatric symptomatology are associated with adaptive functioning as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales‐Second Edition and IQ‐adaptive functioning discrepancies. Older age, lower IQ and higher social‐communication symptoms were associated with lower adaptive functioning. Results also demonstrate that older age, higher IQ and higher social‐communication symptoms are associated with greater IQ‐adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. By contrast, sensory ASD symptoms, repetitive and restricted behaviors, as well as symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression, were not associated with adaptive functioning or IQ‐adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. These findings suggest that it is the core social communication problems that define ASD that contribute to adaptive function impairments that people with ASD experience. They show for the first time that sensory symptoms, repetitive behavior and associated psychiatric symptoms do not independently contribute to adaptive function impairments. Individuals with ASD require supportive interventions across the lifespan that take account of social‐communicative ASD symptom severity. Autism Res 2019, 12: 645–657. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study investigated key clinical and demographic associations of adaptive functioning impairments in individuals with autism. We found that older age, lower IQ and more severe social‐communicative symptoms, but not sensory or repetitive symptoms or co‐occurring psychiatric symptoms, are associated with lower adaptive functioning and greater ability‐adaptive function discrepancies. This suggests that interventions targeting adaptive skills acquisition should be flexible in their timing and intensity across developmental periods, levels of cognitive ability and take account of social‐communicative ASD symptom severity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6519242 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65192422019-05-21 Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU‐AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project Tillmann, Julian San José Cáceres, Antonia Chatham, Chris H. Crawley, Daisy Holt, Rosemary Oakley, Bethany Banaschewski, Tobias Baron‐Cohen, Simon Bölte, Sven Buitelaar, Jan K. Durston, Sarah Ham, Lindsay Loth, Eva Simonoff, Emily Spooren, Will Murphy, Declan G. Charman, Tony Autism Res Research Articles Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant impairments in adaptive functioning that impact on their ability to meet the demands of everyday life. A recurrent finding is that there is a pronounced discrepancy between level of cognitive ability and adaptive functioning, and this is particularly prominent among higher‐ability individuals. However, the key clinical and demographic associations of these discrepancies remain unclear. This study included a sample of 417 children, adolescents, and adults with ASD as part of the EU‐AIMS LEAP cohort. We examined how age, sex, IQ, levels of ASD symptom and autistic trait severity and psychiatric symptomatology are associated with adaptive functioning as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales‐Second Edition and IQ‐adaptive functioning discrepancies. Older age, lower IQ and higher social‐communication symptoms were associated with lower adaptive functioning. Results also demonstrate that older age, higher IQ and higher social‐communication symptoms are associated with greater IQ‐adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. By contrast, sensory ASD symptoms, repetitive and restricted behaviors, as well as symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression, were not associated with adaptive functioning or IQ‐adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. These findings suggest that it is the core social communication problems that define ASD that contribute to adaptive function impairments that people with ASD experience. They show for the first time that sensory symptoms, repetitive behavior and associated psychiatric symptoms do not independently contribute to adaptive function impairments. Individuals with ASD require supportive interventions across the lifespan that take account of social‐communicative ASD symptom severity. Autism Res 2019, 12: 645–657. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study investigated key clinical and demographic associations of adaptive functioning impairments in individuals with autism. We found that older age, lower IQ and more severe social‐communicative symptoms, but not sensory or repetitive symptoms or co‐occurring psychiatric symptoms, are associated with lower adaptive functioning and greater ability‐adaptive function discrepancies. This suggests that interventions targeting adaptive skills acquisition should be flexible in their timing and intensity across developmental periods, levels of cognitive ability and take account of social‐communicative ASD symptom severity. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2019-02-11 2019-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6519242/ /pubmed/30741482 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2081 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Tillmann, Julian San José Cáceres, Antonia Chatham, Chris H. Crawley, Daisy Holt, Rosemary Oakley, Bethany Banaschewski, Tobias Baron‐Cohen, Simon Bölte, Sven Buitelaar, Jan K. Durston, Sarah Ham, Lindsay Loth, Eva Simonoff, Emily Spooren, Will Murphy, Declan G. Charman, Tony Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU‐AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project |
title | Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU‐AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project |
title_full | Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU‐AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project |
title_fullStr | Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU‐AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project |
title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU‐AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project |
title_short | Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU‐AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project |
title_sort | investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the eu‐aims longitudinal european autism project |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6519242/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30741482 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2081 |
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