Closed-loop Neuropharmacology for Epilepsy: Distant Dream or Future Reality?

Abstract: Epilepsy is considered the most frequent severe neurological condition but most patients treated with medication become seizure free. The management of treatment, however, is highly empirical, mainly relying on observation. A closed-loop therapy for epilepsy would be very valuable for more efficient treatment regimens. Here we discuss monitoring treat-ment (therapeutic drug monitoring) and the potential developments in this field, as well as providing a review of potential bi-omarkers that could be used to monitor the disease activity. Finally, we consider the pharmacogenetic input in epilepsy treat-ment