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EHDV-2 Infection Prevalence Varies in Culicoides sonorensis after Feeding on Infected White-Tailed Deer over the Course of Viremia

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (EHDVs) are arboviral pathogens of white-tailed deer and other wild and domestic ruminants in North America. Transmitted by various species of Culicoides, EHDVs circulate wherever competent vectors and susceptible ruminant host populations co-exist. The impact o...

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Autores principales: Mendiola, Sandra Y., Mills, Mary K., Maki, Elin, Drolet, Barbara S., Wilson, William C., Berghaus, Roy, Stallknecht, David E., Breitenbach, Jonathan, McVey, D. Scott, Ruder, Mark G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521023/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31018507
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11040371
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author Mendiola, Sandra Y.
Mills, Mary K.
Maki, Elin
Drolet, Barbara S.
Wilson, William C.
Berghaus, Roy
Stallknecht, David E.
Breitenbach, Jonathan
McVey, D. Scott
Ruder, Mark G.
author_facet Mendiola, Sandra Y.
Mills, Mary K.
Maki, Elin
Drolet, Barbara S.
Wilson, William C.
Berghaus, Roy
Stallknecht, David E.
Breitenbach, Jonathan
McVey, D. Scott
Ruder, Mark G.
author_sort Mendiola, Sandra Y.
collection PubMed
description Epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (EHDVs) are arboviral pathogens of white-tailed deer and other wild and domestic ruminants in North America. Transmitted by various species of Culicoides, EHDVs circulate wherever competent vectors and susceptible ruminant host populations co-exist. The impact of variation in the level and duration of EHDV viremia in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on Culicoides infection prevalence is not well characterized. Here we examined how infection prevalence in a confirmed North American vector of EHDV-2 (Culicoides sonorensis) varies in response to fluctuations in deer viremia. To accomplish this, five white-tailed deer were experimentally infected with EHDV-2 and colonized C. sonorensis were allowed to feed on deer at 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 18, and 24 days post infection (dpi). Viremia profiles in deer were determined by virus isolation and titration at the same time points. Blood-fed Culicoides were assayed for virus after a 10-day incubation (27 °C) period. We found that increases in deer EHDV blood titers significantly increased both the likelihood that midges would successfully acquire EHDV and the proportion of midges that reached the titer threshold for transmission competence. Unexpectedly, we identified four infected midge samples (three individuals and one pool) after feeding on one deer 18 and 24 dpi, when viremia was no longer detectable by virus isolation. The ability of ruminants with low-titer viremia to serve as a source of EHDV for blood-feeding Culicoides should be explored further to better understand its potential epidemiological significance.
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spelling pubmed-65210232019-06-03 EHDV-2 Infection Prevalence Varies in Culicoides sonorensis after Feeding on Infected White-Tailed Deer over the Course of Viremia Mendiola, Sandra Y. Mills, Mary K. Maki, Elin Drolet, Barbara S. Wilson, William C. Berghaus, Roy Stallknecht, David E. Breitenbach, Jonathan McVey, D. Scott Ruder, Mark G. Viruses Article Epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (EHDVs) are arboviral pathogens of white-tailed deer and other wild and domestic ruminants in North America. Transmitted by various species of Culicoides, EHDVs circulate wherever competent vectors and susceptible ruminant host populations co-exist. The impact of variation in the level and duration of EHDV viremia in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on Culicoides infection prevalence is not well characterized. Here we examined how infection prevalence in a confirmed North American vector of EHDV-2 (Culicoides sonorensis) varies in response to fluctuations in deer viremia. To accomplish this, five white-tailed deer were experimentally infected with EHDV-2 and colonized C. sonorensis were allowed to feed on deer at 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 18, and 24 days post infection (dpi). Viremia profiles in deer were determined by virus isolation and titration at the same time points. Blood-fed Culicoides were assayed for virus after a 10-day incubation (27 °C) period. We found that increases in deer EHDV blood titers significantly increased both the likelihood that midges would successfully acquire EHDV and the proportion of midges that reached the titer threshold for transmission competence. Unexpectedly, we identified four infected midge samples (three individuals and one pool) after feeding on one deer 18 and 24 dpi, when viremia was no longer detectable by virus isolation. The ability of ruminants with low-titer viremia to serve as a source of EHDV for blood-feeding Culicoides should be explored further to better understand its potential epidemiological significance. MDPI 2019-04-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6521023/ /pubmed/31018507 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11040371 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Mendiola, Sandra Y.
Mills, Mary K.
Maki, Elin
Drolet, Barbara S.
Wilson, William C.
Berghaus, Roy
Stallknecht, David E.
Breitenbach, Jonathan
McVey, D. Scott
Ruder, Mark G.
EHDV-2 Infection Prevalence Varies in Culicoides sonorensis after Feeding on Infected White-Tailed Deer over the Course of Viremia
title EHDV-2 Infection Prevalence Varies in Culicoides sonorensis after Feeding on Infected White-Tailed Deer over the Course of Viremia
title_full EHDV-2 Infection Prevalence Varies in Culicoides sonorensis after Feeding on Infected White-Tailed Deer over the Course of Viremia
title_fullStr EHDV-2 Infection Prevalence Varies in Culicoides sonorensis after Feeding on Infected White-Tailed Deer over the Course of Viremia
title_full_unstemmed EHDV-2 Infection Prevalence Varies in Culicoides sonorensis after Feeding on Infected White-Tailed Deer over the Course of Viremia
title_short EHDV-2 Infection Prevalence Varies in Culicoides sonorensis after Feeding on Infected White-Tailed Deer over the Course of Viremia
title_sort ehdv-2 infection prevalence varies in culicoides sonorensis after feeding on infected white-tailed deer over the course of viremia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521023/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31018507
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11040371
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