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Mean Dietary Salt Intake in Vanuatu: A Population Survey of 755 Participants on Efate Island

Non-communicable diseases are responsible for 63% of global deaths, with a higher burden in low- and middle-income countries. Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular-disease-related deaths worldwide, and approximately 1.7 million deaths are directly attributable to excess salt intake ann...

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Autores principales: Paterson, Katherine, Hinge, Nerida, Sparks, Emalie, Trieu, Kathy, Santos, Joseph Alvin, Tarivonda, Len, Snowdon, Wendy, Webster, Jacqui, Johnson, Claire
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521272/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31022856
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040916
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author Paterson, Katherine
Hinge, Nerida
Sparks, Emalie
Trieu, Kathy
Santos, Joseph Alvin
Tarivonda, Len
Snowdon, Wendy
Webster, Jacqui
Johnson, Claire
author_facet Paterson, Katherine
Hinge, Nerida
Sparks, Emalie
Trieu, Kathy
Santos, Joseph Alvin
Tarivonda, Len
Snowdon, Wendy
Webster, Jacqui
Johnson, Claire
author_sort Paterson, Katherine
collection PubMed
description Non-communicable diseases are responsible for 63% of global deaths, with a higher burden in low- and middle-income countries. Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular-disease-related deaths worldwide, and approximately 1.7 million deaths are directly attributable to excess salt intake annually. There has been little research conducted on the level of salt consumption amongst the population of Vanuatu. Based on data from other Pacific Island countries and knowledge of changing regional diets, it was predicted that salt intake would exceed the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended maximum of 5 g per day. The current study aimed to provide Vanuatu with a preliminary baseline assessment of population salt intake on Efate Island. A cross-sectional survey collected demographic, clinical, and urine data from participants aged 18 to 69 years in rural and urban communities on Efate Island in October 2016 and February 2017. Mean salt intake was determined to be 7.2 (SD 2.3) g/day from spot urine samples, and 5.9 (SD 3.6) g/day from 24-h urine samples, both of which exceed the WHO recommended maximum. Based on the spot urine samples, males had significantly higher salt intake than females (7.8 g compared to 6.5 g; p < 0.001) and almost 85% of the population consumed more than the WHO recommended maximum daily amount. A coordinated government strategy is recommended to reduce salt consumption, including fiscal policies, engagement with the food industry, and education and awareness-raising to promote behavior change.
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spelling pubmed-65212722019-05-31 Mean Dietary Salt Intake in Vanuatu: A Population Survey of 755 Participants on Efate Island Paterson, Katherine Hinge, Nerida Sparks, Emalie Trieu, Kathy Santos, Joseph Alvin Tarivonda, Len Snowdon, Wendy Webster, Jacqui Johnson, Claire Nutrients Article Non-communicable diseases are responsible for 63% of global deaths, with a higher burden in low- and middle-income countries. Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular-disease-related deaths worldwide, and approximately 1.7 million deaths are directly attributable to excess salt intake annually. There has been little research conducted on the level of salt consumption amongst the population of Vanuatu. Based on data from other Pacific Island countries and knowledge of changing regional diets, it was predicted that salt intake would exceed the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended maximum of 5 g per day. The current study aimed to provide Vanuatu with a preliminary baseline assessment of population salt intake on Efate Island. A cross-sectional survey collected demographic, clinical, and urine data from participants aged 18 to 69 years in rural and urban communities on Efate Island in October 2016 and February 2017. Mean salt intake was determined to be 7.2 (SD 2.3) g/day from spot urine samples, and 5.9 (SD 3.6) g/day from 24-h urine samples, both of which exceed the WHO recommended maximum. Based on the spot urine samples, males had significantly higher salt intake than females (7.8 g compared to 6.5 g; p < 0.001) and almost 85% of the population consumed more than the WHO recommended maximum daily amount. A coordinated government strategy is recommended to reduce salt consumption, including fiscal policies, engagement with the food industry, and education and awareness-raising to promote behavior change. MDPI 2019-04-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6521272/ /pubmed/31022856 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040916 Text en © 2019 by the WHO. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Paterson, Katherine
Hinge, Nerida
Sparks, Emalie
Trieu, Kathy
Santos, Joseph Alvin
Tarivonda, Len
Snowdon, Wendy
Webster, Jacqui
Johnson, Claire
Mean Dietary Salt Intake in Vanuatu: A Population Survey of 755 Participants on Efate Island
title Mean Dietary Salt Intake in Vanuatu: A Population Survey of 755 Participants on Efate Island
title_full Mean Dietary Salt Intake in Vanuatu: A Population Survey of 755 Participants on Efate Island
title_fullStr Mean Dietary Salt Intake in Vanuatu: A Population Survey of 755 Participants on Efate Island
title_full_unstemmed Mean Dietary Salt Intake in Vanuatu: A Population Survey of 755 Participants on Efate Island
title_short Mean Dietary Salt Intake in Vanuatu: A Population Survey of 755 Participants on Efate Island
title_sort mean dietary salt intake in vanuatu: a population survey of 755 participants on efate island
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521272/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31022856
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040916
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