A novel resveratrol analog PA19 attenuates obesity-induced cardiac and renal injury by inhibiting inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration

Obesity is a major global health concern and induces numerous complications, such as heart and kidney injury. Inflammation is an important pathogenic mechanism underlying obesity-associated tissue injury. (1E,4E)-1-{2,4-Dimethoxy-6-[(E)-4-methoxystyryl]phenyl}-5-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (PA19) is a novel anti-inflammatory compound synthesized by our research group. In the present study, the efficacy of PA19 in attenuating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced heart and kidney injury was investigated. Heart and kidney pathological injury and fibrosis were detected by hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red staining, respectively. The expression levels of inflammatory genes and fibrosis-associated protein were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. ELISA was used to detect the level of inflammatory cytokines. Following 20 weeks of HFD treatment, mice exhibited increased lipid accumulation in the serum, heart and kidney injury and fibrosis, and inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration compared with mice fed a control diet. Conversely, treatment with PA19 during the final 12 weeks of the study significantly reduced the degree of heart and kidney fibrosis and inflammation induced by HFD. The results suggested that PA19 attenuates heart and kidney inflammation and injury induced by HFD, and indicated that PA19 may be a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity, and obesity-induced cardiac and renal injury.