Polypyrrole–Methyl Orange Raman pH Sensor

An easy-to-prepare pH sensor based on electrochemically obtained polypyrrole doped with methyl orange ions is described. It enables the determination of a pH value in the 3–13 range for volumes below 1 µL. In a wide pH range, resonance and pre-resonance methyl orange Raman spectra, excited with the 514.5 nm line of an Ar(+) laser, changed noticeably in function of H(+) concentration. Two types of measurements were performed. In the first case, Raman spectra of the analyzed solutions were collected for samples placed on the sensor surface using a confocal microscope equipped with a 10x objective. Next, measurements were conducted for the same samples without the sensor. On the basis of these spectra, partial least-squares models were elaborated and validated. Relative standard errors of prediction for calibration, validation, and test samples were found to be in the 3.7%–3.9% range. An analogous model build using spectra registered without the sensor was characterized by slightly worse parameters.