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Transcriptome profiles revealed the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of yak to high-altitude environments

The yak is a valuable species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation to high-altitude environments remain largely unknown. In the present study, comparative transcriptome sequencing was performed for lung and gluteus tissues from two s...

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Autores principales: Xin, Jin-Wei, Chai, Zhi-Xin, Zhang, Cheng-Fu, Zhang, Qiang, Zhu, Yong, Cao, Han-Wen, Ji, Qiu-Mei, Zhong, Jin-Cheng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6525198/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31101838
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43773-8
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author Xin, Jin-Wei
Chai, Zhi-Xin
Zhang, Cheng-Fu
Zhang, Qiang
Zhu, Yong
Cao, Han-Wen
Ji, Qiu-Mei
Zhong, Jin-Cheng
author_facet Xin, Jin-Wei
Chai, Zhi-Xin
Zhang, Cheng-Fu
Zhang, Qiang
Zhu, Yong
Cao, Han-Wen
Ji, Qiu-Mei
Zhong, Jin-Cheng
author_sort Xin, Jin-Wei
collection PubMed
description The yak is a valuable species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation to high-altitude environments remain largely unknown. In the present study, comparative transcriptome sequencing was performed for lung and gluteus tissues from two species of low-altitude cattle (Sanjiang and Holstein cattle), Tibetan cattle (living at a moderate altitude), and yak (living at a high altitude) and the differentially expressed genes were validated using real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that CD36 antigen was up-regulated and CD59 antigen was down-regulated in yak in comparison to the other animals, which might promote the development of red blood cells and inhibit the development of lymphocytes in yak. In addition, thrombospondin type 1, coagulation factor 5/8, and fibronectin were all down-regulated, but serpin and alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2M) were up-regulated. These differences would inhibit blood coagulation, thus reducing the risk of pulmonary edema. The expression levels of the calcium-release, potassium, and transient receptor potential channels decreased in yak, minimizing membrane depolarization and the harmful effects of pulmonary edema. Eleven KEGG pathways associated with innate immunity were more activated in yak and Tibetan cattle than in other cattle strains, which should reduce their risk of infection and disease. These changes together might facilitate the adaptation of yak and Tibetan cattle to live in high-altitude habitats.
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spelling pubmed-65251982019-05-29 Transcriptome profiles revealed the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of yak to high-altitude environments Xin, Jin-Wei Chai, Zhi-Xin Zhang, Cheng-Fu Zhang, Qiang Zhu, Yong Cao, Han-Wen Ji, Qiu-Mei Zhong, Jin-Cheng Sci Rep Article The yak is a valuable species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation to high-altitude environments remain largely unknown. In the present study, comparative transcriptome sequencing was performed for lung and gluteus tissues from two species of low-altitude cattle (Sanjiang and Holstein cattle), Tibetan cattle (living at a moderate altitude), and yak (living at a high altitude) and the differentially expressed genes were validated using real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that CD36 antigen was up-regulated and CD59 antigen was down-regulated in yak in comparison to the other animals, which might promote the development of red blood cells and inhibit the development of lymphocytes in yak. In addition, thrombospondin type 1, coagulation factor 5/8, and fibronectin were all down-regulated, but serpin and alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2M) were up-regulated. These differences would inhibit blood coagulation, thus reducing the risk of pulmonary edema. The expression levels of the calcium-release, potassium, and transient receptor potential channels decreased in yak, minimizing membrane depolarization and the harmful effects of pulmonary edema. Eleven KEGG pathways associated with innate immunity were more activated in yak and Tibetan cattle than in other cattle strains, which should reduce their risk of infection and disease. These changes together might facilitate the adaptation of yak and Tibetan cattle to live in high-altitude habitats. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC6525198/ /pubmed/31101838 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43773-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Xin, Jin-Wei
Chai, Zhi-Xin
Zhang, Cheng-Fu
Zhang, Qiang
Zhu, Yong
Cao, Han-Wen
Ji, Qiu-Mei
Zhong, Jin-Cheng
Transcriptome profiles revealed the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of yak to high-altitude environments
title Transcriptome profiles revealed the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of yak to high-altitude environments
title_full Transcriptome profiles revealed the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of yak to high-altitude environments
title_fullStr Transcriptome profiles revealed the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of yak to high-altitude environments
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptome profiles revealed the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of yak to high-altitude environments
title_short Transcriptome profiles revealed the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of yak to high-altitude environments
title_sort transcriptome profiles revealed the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of yak to high-altitude environments
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6525198/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31101838
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43773-8
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