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A Threshold-Limited Fluorescence Probe for Viscosity
Viscosity of body fluid is an established biomarker of pathological conditions. Abnormality of cellular viscosity occurs when cells are challenged with external stresses. Small molecule probes to assess the viscosity are sought after for both disease diagnostics and basic studies. Fluorescence based...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6527809/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31139624 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00342 |
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author | Lei, Zuhai Xin, Kai Qiu, Shaobing Hou, Liling Meng, Xiangming Yang, Youjun |
author_facet | Lei, Zuhai Xin, Kai Qiu, Shaobing Hou, Liling Meng, Xiangming Yang, Youjun |
author_sort | Lei, Zuhai |
collection | PubMed |
description | Viscosity of body fluid is an established biomarker of pathological conditions. Abnormality of cellular viscosity occurs when cells are challenged with external stresses. Small molecule probes to assess the viscosity are sought after for both disease diagnostics and basic studies. Fluorescence based probes are particular attractive due to their potentials for convenient and high spatiotemporal resolution microscopic monitoring of biological samples. The dyes with a floppy push-pull backbone or dyes with a rotatable substituent exhibits a viscosity responsive fluorescence enhancement and therefore viable viscosity probes. The scaffold of the existing viscosity probes contains typically one such floppy site. Therefore, they typically linearly respond to log(viscosity). We argue that minor viscosity fluctuation could potentially be physiological as the biological system is dynamic. We wish to develop a type of conceptually-new, threshold-limited viscosity probes, to complement the existing probes. Such probes do not exhibit a fluorescence enhancement when challenged with minor and presumably physiological enhancement of viscosity. When the viscosity is higher than a certain threshold, their fluorescence turns on. We hypothesize that a dye with two far-apart floppy sites could potentially yield such a threshold-limited signal and designed VPZ2 and VPZ3. Through spectral titration, VPZ3 was found to yield the desired threshold-limited signal. VPZ3 was suitable for in vitro bioimaging of viscosity under one-photon or two-photon excitation. VPZ3 is potentially useful in many downstream applications. Future work includes fine-tune of the threshold to allow tailored limit for fluorescence turn-on to better meet the need of different applications. Besides the implications in the real-world applications, the design concept could also be translated to design of alternative substrates. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6527809 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65278092019-05-28 A Threshold-Limited Fluorescence Probe for Viscosity Lei, Zuhai Xin, Kai Qiu, Shaobing Hou, Liling Meng, Xiangming Yang, Youjun Front Chem Chemistry Viscosity of body fluid is an established biomarker of pathological conditions. Abnormality of cellular viscosity occurs when cells are challenged with external stresses. Small molecule probes to assess the viscosity are sought after for both disease diagnostics and basic studies. Fluorescence based probes are particular attractive due to their potentials for convenient and high spatiotemporal resolution microscopic monitoring of biological samples. The dyes with a floppy push-pull backbone or dyes with a rotatable substituent exhibits a viscosity responsive fluorescence enhancement and therefore viable viscosity probes. The scaffold of the existing viscosity probes contains typically one such floppy site. Therefore, they typically linearly respond to log(viscosity). We argue that minor viscosity fluctuation could potentially be physiological as the biological system is dynamic. We wish to develop a type of conceptually-new, threshold-limited viscosity probes, to complement the existing probes. Such probes do not exhibit a fluorescence enhancement when challenged with minor and presumably physiological enhancement of viscosity. When the viscosity is higher than a certain threshold, their fluorescence turns on. We hypothesize that a dye with two far-apart floppy sites could potentially yield such a threshold-limited signal and designed VPZ2 and VPZ3. Through spectral titration, VPZ3 was found to yield the desired threshold-limited signal. VPZ3 was suitable for in vitro bioimaging of viscosity under one-photon or two-photon excitation. VPZ3 is potentially useful in many downstream applications. Future work includes fine-tune of the threshold to allow tailored limit for fluorescence turn-on to better meet the need of different applications. Besides the implications in the real-world applications, the design concept could also be translated to design of alternative substrates. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6527809/ /pubmed/31139624 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00342 Text en Copyright © 2019 Lei, Xin, Qiu, Hou, Meng and Yang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Chemistry Lei, Zuhai Xin, Kai Qiu, Shaobing Hou, Liling Meng, Xiangming Yang, Youjun A Threshold-Limited Fluorescence Probe for Viscosity |
title | A Threshold-Limited Fluorescence Probe for Viscosity |
title_full | A Threshold-Limited Fluorescence Probe for Viscosity |
title_fullStr | A Threshold-Limited Fluorescence Probe for Viscosity |
title_full_unstemmed | A Threshold-Limited Fluorescence Probe for Viscosity |
title_short | A Threshold-Limited Fluorescence Probe for Viscosity |
title_sort | threshold-limited fluorescence probe for viscosity |
topic | Chemistry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6527809/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31139624 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00342 |
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