Synthesis and characterization of porous structures of rutile TiO(2) /Na(0.8)Ti(4)O(8)/Na(2)Ti(6)O(13) for biomedical applications

This method involves the use of molding, pressing and sintering techniques applied to different powder mixtures of TiO(2) with sodium bicarbonate NaHCO(3) (15 wt% and 30 wt% NaHCO(3)), to obtain porous structures of rutile TiO(2)/Na(0.8)Ti(4)O(8)/Na(2)Ti(6)O(13) and Na(0.8)Ti(4)O(8)/Na(2)Ti(6)O(13) for possible biomedical implant applications. The method validation includes X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) analysis refined by the Rietveld method using X'Pert HighScore Plus. The surface morphology was observed by using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and, finally, a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line was cultured with the porous structures to determine the effect of material composition on the cellular response using a LDH cytotoxicity assay. • The method does not require the use of toxic solvents to remove residues. • The porous structure formed is composed mainly of crystalline phases Na(2)Ti(6)O(13)/TiO(2) reported as biocompatible. • It did not need complicated solid-liquid separation processes.