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Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances

Type 2 immunity has long been confined to a restricted spectrum of responses, mostly including allergic reactions to innocuous environmental triggers. However, growing evidence suggests that cells and mediators typically associated with type 2 inflammation are involved in several physiopathological...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Costanza, Massimo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6530110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31205957
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4204512
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author Costanza, Massimo
author_facet Costanza, Massimo
author_sort Costanza, Massimo
collection PubMed
description Type 2 immunity has long been confined to a restricted spectrum of responses, mostly including allergic reactions to innocuous environmental triggers. However, growing evidence suggests that cells and mediators typically associated with type 2 inflammation are involved in several physiopathological conditions, such as defense against toxic substances, anticancer immunity, and autoimmune diseases. In neuromyelitis optica, an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the spinal cord and optic nerve, eosinophils extensively infiltrate lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) and promote tissue pathology in experimental models of this disease. Next-generation sequencing of CD4(+) T cells isolated from a specific subtype of multiple sclerosis plaque has uncovered an unexpectedly Th2 profile of these cells. Even mast cells and other allergic mediators have been implicated in the modulation and/or effector mechanisms of autoimmune reactions against the CNS. In this review article, the most recent developments showing the involvement of type 2 inflammatory components in CNS autoimmunity are summarised and possible lines of further investigation are discussed.
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spelling pubmed-65301102019-06-16 Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances Costanza, Massimo J Immunol Res Review Article Type 2 immunity has long been confined to a restricted spectrum of responses, mostly including allergic reactions to innocuous environmental triggers. However, growing evidence suggests that cells and mediators typically associated with type 2 inflammation are involved in several physiopathological conditions, such as defense against toxic substances, anticancer immunity, and autoimmune diseases. In neuromyelitis optica, an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the spinal cord and optic nerve, eosinophils extensively infiltrate lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) and promote tissue pathology in experimental models of this disease. Next-generation sequencing of CD4(+) T cells isolated from a specific subtype of multiple sclerosis plaque has uncovered an unexpectedly Th2 profile of these cells. Even mast cells and other allergic mediators have been implicated in the modulation and/or effector mechanisms of autoimmune reactions against the CNS. In this review article, the most recent developments showing the involvement of type 2 inflammatory components in CNS autoimmunity are summarised and possible lines of further investigation are discussed. Hindawi 2019-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6530110/ /pubmed/31205957 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4204512 Text en Copyright © 2019 Massimo Costanza. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Costanza, Massimo
Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances
title Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances
title_full Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances
title_fullStr Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances
title_full_unstemmed Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances
title_short Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances
title_sort type 2 inflammatory responses in autoimmune demyelination of the central nervous system: recent advances
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6530110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31205957
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4204512
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