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Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan

BACKGROUND: Globally 3 million stillbirths occur per year, and Pakistan is ranked 3(rd) among the countries having the highest burden. Despite being a major public health problem, efforts to reduce this figure are insufficient. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify and measure the inequali...

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Autores principales: Afshan, Kiran, Narjis, Ghulam, Mazhar, Qayyum
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Makerere Medical School 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6531978/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31148978
http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.24
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author Afshan, Kiran
Narjis, Ghulam
Mazhar, Qayyum
author_facet Afshan, Kiran
Narjis, Ghulam
Mazhar, Qayyum
author_sort Afshan, Kiran
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Globally 3 million stillbirths occur per year, and Pakistan is ranked 3(rd) among the countries having the highest burden. Despite being a major public health problem, efforts to reduce this figure are insufficient. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify and measure the inequalities in stillbirth associated risk factors, causes and fertility risk behaviors. METHODS: Data were derived from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS) 1990–2013. Inequalities on determinants were evaluated using rate differences and rate ratios; time trends computed with annualized reduction rate (ARR). RESULTS: Overall ARR determined for stillbirth was −12.52 percent per annum. The high ARR were recorded for mothers age <20, urban areas, educated mothers and for highest wealth quintile. The relative inequalities were most pronounced for wealth quintiles, education and age of mothers. Stillbirth causes were unexplained antepartum (33%), unexplained intrapartum (21%), intrapartum asphyxia (21%) and antepartum maternal disorders (19%). The high fertility risk behavior was found in mothers with age >34 and birth order >3. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that to achieve gain in child survival, there is need to promote antenatal care, birth spacing, and family planning programs in developing countries.
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spelling pubmed-65319782019-05-30 Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan Afshan, Kiran Narjis, Ghulam Mazhar, Qayyum Afr Health Sci Articles BACKGROUND: Globally 3 million stillbirths occur per year, and Pakistan is ranked 3(rd) among the countries having the highest burden. Despite being a major public health problem, efforts to reduce this figure are insufficient. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify and measure the inequalities in stillbirth associated risk factors, causes and fertility risk behaviors. METHODS: Data were derived from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS) 1990–2013. Inequalities on determinants were evaluated using rate differences and rate ratios; time trends computed with annualized reduction rate (ARR). RESULTS: Overall ARR determined for stillbirth was −12.52 percent per annum. The high ARR were recorded for mothers age <20, urban areas, educated mothers and for highest wealth quintile. The relative inequalities were most pronounced for wealth quintiles, education and age of mothers. Stillbirth causes were unexplained antepartum (33%), unexplained intrapartum (21%), intrapartum asphyxia (21%) and antepartum maternal disorders (19%). The high fertility risk behavior was found in mothers with age >34 and birth order >3. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that to achieve gain in child survival, there is need to promote antenatal care, birth spacing, and family planning programs in developing countries. Makerere Medical School 2019-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6531978/ /pubmed/31148978 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.24 Text en © 2019 Afshan et al. Licensee African Health Sciences. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Articles
Afshan, Kiran
Narjis, Ghulam
Mazhar, Qayyum
Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan
title Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan
title_full Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan
title_fullStr Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan
title_short Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan
title_sort risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in pakistan
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6531978/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31148978
http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.24
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