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Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan
BACKGROUND: Globally 3 million stillbirths occur per year, and Pakistan is ranked 3(rd) among the countries having the highest burden. Despite being a major public health problem, efforts to reduce this figure are insufficient. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify and measure the inequali...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Makerere Medical School
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6531978/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31148978 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.24 |
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author | Afshan, Kiran Narjis, Ghulam Mazhar, Qayyum |
author_facet | Afshan, Kiran Narjis, Ghulam Mazhar, Qayyum |
author_sort | Afshan, Kiran |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Globally 3 million stillbirths occur per year, and Pakistan is ranked 3(rd) among the countries having the highest burden. Despite being a major public health problem, efforts to reduce this figure are insufficient. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify and measure the inequalities in stillbirth associated risk factors, causes and fertility risk behaviors. METHODS: Data were derived from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS) 1990–2013. Inequalities on determinants were evaluated using rate differences and rate ratios; time trends computed with annualized reduction rate (ARR). RESULTS: Overall ARR determined for stillbirth was −12.52 percent per annum. The high ARR were recorded for mothers age <20, urban areas, educated mothers and for highest wealth quintile. The relative inequalities were most pronounced for wealth quintiles, education and age of mothers. Stillbirth causes were unexplained antepartum (33%), unexplained intrapartum (21%), intrapartum asphyxia (21%) and antepartum maternal disorders (19%). The high fertility risk behavior was found in mothers with age >34 and birth order >3. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that to achieve gain in child survival, there is need to promote antenatal care, birth spacing, and family planning programs in developing countries. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6531978 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Makerere Medical School |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65319782019-05-30 Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan Afshan, Kiran Narjis, Ghulam Mazhar, Qayyum Afr Health Sci Articles BACKGROUND: Globally 3 million stillbirths occur per year, and Pakistan is ranked 3(rd) among the countries having the highest burden. Despite being a major public health problem, efforts to reduce this figure are insufficient. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify and measure the inequalities in stillbirth associated risk factors, causes and fertility risk behaviors. METHODS: Data were derived from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS) 1990–2013. Inequalities on determinants were evaluated using rate differences and rate ratios; time trends computed with annualized reduction rate (ARR). RESULTS: Overall ARR determined for stillbirth was −12.52 percent per annum. The high ARR were recorded for mothers age <20, urban areas, educated mothers and for highest wealth quintile. The relative inequalities were most pronounced for wealth quintiles, education and age of mothers. Stillbirth causes were unexplained antepartum (33%), unexplained intrapartum (21%), intrapartum asphyxia (21%) and antepartum maternal disorders (19%). The high fertility risk behavior was found in mothers with age >34 and birth order >3. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that to achieve gain in child survival, there is need to promote antenatal care, birth spacing, and family planning programs in developing countries. Makerere Medical School 2019-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6531978/ /pubmed/31148978 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.24 Text en © 2019 Afshan et al. Licensee African Health Sciences. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Articles Afshan, Kiran Narjis, Ghulam Mazhar, Qayyum Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan |
title | Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan |
title_full | Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan |
title_fullStr | Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan |
title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan |
title_short | Risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in Pakistan |
title_sort | risk factors and causes of stillbirths among pregnant women in pakistan |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6531978/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31148978 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.24 |
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