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Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From a Mitochondrial Point of View

Age is the main risk factor for a number of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which increasing numbers of elderly individuals suffer. These pathological conditions are characterized by...

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Autores principales: Cenini, Giovanna, Lloret, Ana, Cascella, Roberta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532273/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31210837
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2105607
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author Cenini, Giovanna
Lloret, Ana
Cascella, Roberta
author_facet Cenini, Giovanna
Lloret, Ana
Cascella, Roberta
author_sort Cenini, Giovanna
collection PubMed
description Age is the main risk factor for a number of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which increasing numbers of elderly individuals suffer. These pathological conditions are characterized by progressive loss of neuron cells, compromised motor or cognitive functions, and accumulation of abnormally aggregated proteins. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main features of the aging process, particularly in organs requiring a high-energy source such as the heart, muscles, brain, or liver. Neurons rely almost exclusively on the mitochondria, which produce the energy required for most of the cellular processes, including synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter synthesis. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress and damage, because of its high oxygen consumption, low antioxidant defenses, and high content of polyunsaturated fats very prone to be oxidized. Thus, it is not surprising the importance of protecting systems, including antioxidant defenses, to maintain neuronal integrity and survival. Here, we review the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the aging process, with a specific focus on neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involving mitochondria and oxidative stress in the aging and neurodegeneration may help to identify new strategies for improving the health and extending lifespan.
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spelling pubmed-65322732019-06-17 Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From a Mitochondrial Point of View Cenini, Giovanna Lloret, Ana Cascella, Roberta Oxid Med Cell Longev Review Article Age is the main risk factor for a number of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which increasing numbers of elderly individuals suffer. These pathological conditions are characterized by progressive loss of neuron cells, compromised motor or cognitive functions, and accumulation of abnormally aggregated proteins. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main features of the aging process, particularly in organs requiring a high-energy source such as the heart, muscles, brain, or liver. Neurons rely almost exclusively on the mitochondria, which produce the energy required for most of the cellular processes, including synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter synthesis. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress and damage, because of its high oxygen consumption, low antioxidant defenses, and high content of polyunsaturated fats very prone to be oxidized. Thus, it is not surprising the importance of protecting systems, including antioxidant defenses, to maintain neuronal integrity and survival. Here, we review the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the aging process, with a specific focus on neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involving mitochondria and oxidative stress in the aging and neurodegeneration may help to identify new strategies for improving the health and extending lifespan. Hindawi 2019-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6532273/ /pubmed/31210837 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2105607 Text en Copyright © 2019 Giovanna Cenini et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Cenini, Giovanna
Lloret, Ana
Cascella, Roberta
Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From a Mitochondrial Point of View
title Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From a Mitochondrial Point of View
title_full Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From a Mitochondrial Point of View
title_fullStr Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From a Mitochondrial Point of View
title_full_unstemmed Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From a Mitochondrial Point of View
title_short Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From a Mitochondrial Point of View
title_sort oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases: from a mitochondrial point of view
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532273/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31210837
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2105607
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