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The specific impact of uremic toxins upon cognitive domains: a review
One of the mechanisms proposed for chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related cognitive impairment is the accumulation of uremic toxins due to the deterioration of the renal clearance function. Cognition can be categorized into five major domains according to its information processing functions: memory,...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6534037/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30095142 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2018-0033 |
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author | Franco, Álvaro de Oliveira Starosta, Rodrigo Tzovenos Roriz-Cruz, Matheus |
author_facet | Franco, Álvaro de Oliveira Starosta, Rodrigo Tzovenos Roriz-Cruz, Matheus |
author_sort | Franco, Álvaro de Oliveira |
collection | PubMed |
description | One of the mechanisms proposed for chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related cognitive impairment is the accumulation of uremic toxins due to the deterioration of the renal clearance function. Cognition can be categorized into five major domains according to its information processing functions: memory, attention, language, visual-spatial, and executive. We performed a review using the terms 'uric acid', 'indoxyl sulfate', 'p-cresyl sulfate', 'homocysteine', 'interleukins' and 'parathyroid hormone'. These are the compounds that were found to be strongly associated with cognitive impairment in CKD in the literature. The 26 selected articles point towards an association between higher levels of uric acid, homocysteine, and interleukin 6 with lower cognitive performance in executive, attentional, and memory domains. We also reviewed the hemodialysis effects on cognition. Hemodialysis seems to contribute to an amelioration of CKD-related encephalopathic dysfunction, although this improvement occurs more in some cognitive domains than in others. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6534037 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65340372019-06-17 The specific impact of uremic toxins upon cognitive domains: a review Franco, Álvaro de Oliveira Starosta, Rodrigo Tzovenos Roriz-Cruz, Matheus J Bras Nefrol Review Articles One of the mechanisms proposed for chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related cognitive impairment is the accumulation of uremic toxins due to the deterioration of the renal clearance function. Cognition can be categorized into five major domains according to its information processing functions: memory, attention, language, visual-spatial, and executive. We performed a review using the terms 'uric acid', 'indoxyl sulfate', 'p-cresyl sulfate', 'homocysteine', 'interleukins' and 'parathyroid hormone'. These are the compounds that were found to be strongly associated with cognitive impairment in CKD in the literature. The 26 selected articles point towards an association between higher levels of uric acid, homocysteine, and interleukin 6 with lower cognitive performance in executive, attentional, and memory domains. We also reviewed the hemodialysis effects on cognition. Hemodialysis seems to contribute to an amelioration of CKD-related encephalopathic dysfunction, although this improvement occurs more in some cognitive domains than in others. Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia 2018-08-09 2019 /pmc/articles/PMC6534037/ /pubmed/30095142 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2018-0033 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Articles Franco, Álvaro de Oliveira Starosta, Rodrigo Tzovenos Roriz-Cruz, Matheus The specific impact of uremic toxins upon cognitive domains: a review |
title | The specific impact of uremic toxins upon cognitive domains: a review |
title_full | The specific impact of uremic toxins upon cognitive domains: a review |
title_fullStr | The specific impact of uremic toxins upon cognitive domains: a review |
title_full_unstemmed | The specific impact of uremic toxins upon cognitive domains: a review |
title_short | The specific impact of uremic toxins upon cognitive domains: a review |
title_sort | specific impact of uremic toxins upon cognitive domains: a review |
topic | Review Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6534037/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30095142 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2018-0033 |
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