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Little evidence for switches to environmental sex determination and turnover of sex chromosomes in lacertid lizards
Amniotes possess variability in sex determination, from environmental sex determination (ESD), where no sex chromosomes are present, to genotypic sex determination (GSD) with highly differentiated sex chromosomes. Some evolutionary scenarios postulate high stability of differentiated sex chromosomes...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6534595/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31127134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44192-5 |
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author | Rovatsos, Michail Vukić, Jasna Mrugała, Agata Suwala, Grzegorz Lymberakis, Petros Kratochvíl, Lukáš |
author_facet | Rovatsos, Michail Vukić, Jasna Mrugała, Agata Suwala, Grzegorz Lymberakis, Petros Kratochvíl, Lukáš |
author_sort | Rovatsos, Michail |
collection | PubMed |
description | Amniotes possess variability in sex determination, from environmental sex determination (ESD), where no sex chromosomes are present, to genotypic sex determination (GSD) with highly differentiated sex chromosomes. Some evolutionary scenarios postulate high stability of differentiated sex chromosomes and rare transitions from GSD to ESD. However, sex chromosome turnovers and two independent transitions from highly differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes to ESD were previously reported in the lacertid lizards. Here, we examined the homology of sex chromosomes in the wide phylogenetic spectrum of lacertids and their outgroups by comparing gene copy numbers between sexes in genes previously found to be Z-specific in some lacertids. Our current sampling covers 45 species from 26 genera including lineages supposed to possess a derived sex determining systems. We found that all tested lacertids share homologous differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes, which were present already in their common ancestor living around 85 million years ago. These differentiated sex chromosomes are not present in amphisbaenians and teiid lizards, the close relatives of lacertids. Our study demonstrates how inaccuracies in data can influence the outcome of phylogenetic reconstructions of evolution of sex determination, in this case they overestimated the number of shifts from GSD to ESD and the rate in turnovers of sex chromosomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6534595 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65345952019-06-03 Little evidence for switches to environmental sex determination and turnover of sex chromosomes in lacertid lizards Rovatsos, Michail Vukić, Jasna Mrugała, Agata Suwala, Grzegorz Lymberakis, Petros Kratochvíl, Lukáš Sci Rep Article Amniotes possess variability in sex determination, from environmental sex determination (ESD), where no sex chromosomes are present, to genotypic sex determination (GSD) with highly differentiated sex chromosomes. Some evolutionary scenarios postulate high stability of differentiated sex chromosomes and rare transitions from GSD to ESD. However, sex chromosome turnovers and two independent transitions from highly differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes to ESD were previously reported in the lacertid lizards. Here, we examined the homology of sex chromosomes in the wide phylogenetic spectrum of lacertids and their outgroups by comparing gene copy numbers between sexes in genes previously found to be Z-specific in some lacertids. Our current sampling covers 45 species from 26 genera including lineages supposed to possess a derived sex determining systems. We found that all tested lacertids share homologous differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes, which were present already in their common ancestor living around 85 million years ago. These differentiated sex chromosomes are not present in amphisbaenians and teiid lizards, the close relatives of lacertids. Our study demonstrates how inaccuracies in data can influence the outcome of phylogenetic reconstructions of evolution of sex determination, in this case they overestimated the number of shifts from GSD to ESD and the rate in turnovers of sex chromosomes. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6534595/ /pubmed/31127134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44192-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Rovatsos, Michail Vukić, Jasna Mrugała, Agata Suwala, Grzegorz Lymberakis, Petros Kratochvíl, Lukáš Little evidence for switches to environmental sex determination and turnover of sex chromosomes in lacertid lizards |
title | Little evidence for switches to environmental sex determination and turnover of sex chromosomes in lacertid lizards |
title_full | Little evidence for switches to environmental sex determination and turnover of sex chromosomes in lacertid lizards |
title_fullStr | Little evidence for switches to environmental sex determination and turnover of sex chromosomes in lacertid lizards |
title_full_unstemmed | Little evidence for switches to environmental sex determination and turnover of sex chromosomes in lacertid lizards |
title_short | Little evidence for switches to environmental sex determination and turnover of sex chromosomes in lacertid lizards |
title_sort | little evidence for switches to environmental sex determination and turnover of sex chromosomes in lacertid lizards |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6534595/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31127134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44192-5 |
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