Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent and there is currently no adequate treatment. Understanding the underlying mechanisms governing TBI and recovery remains an elusive goal. The heterogeneous nature of injury and individual’s response to injury have made understanding risk and susceptib...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537488/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31205421 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179069519844020 |
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author | Rubin, Todd G Lipton, Michael L |
author_facet | Rubin, Todd G Lipton, Michael L |
author_sort | Rubin, Todd G |
collection | PubMed |
description | Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent and there is currently no adequate treatment. Understanding the underlying mechanisms governing TBI and recovery remains an elusive goal. The heterogeneous nature of injury and individual’s response to injury have made understanding risk and susceptibility to TBI of great importance. Epidemiologic studies have provided evidence of sex-dependent differences following TBI. However, preclinical models of injury have largely focused on adult male animals. Here, we review 50 studies that have investigated TBI in both sexes using animal models. Results from these studies are highly variable and model dependent, but largely show females to have a protective advantage in behavioral outcomes and pathology following TBI. Further research of both sexes using newer models that better recapitulate mild and repetitive TBI is needed to characterize the nature of sex-dependent injury and recovery, and ultimately identifies targets for enhanced recovery. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6537488 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65374882019-06-14 Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury Rubin, Todd G Lipton, Michael L J Exp Neurosci Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent and there is currently no adequate treatment. Understanding the underlying mechanisms governing TBI and recovery remains an elusive goal. The heterogeneous nature of injury and individual’s response to injury have made understanding risk and susceptibility to TBI of great importance. Epidemiologic studies have provided evidence of sex-dependent differences following TBI. However, preclinical models of injury have largely focused on adult male animals. Here, we review 50 studies that have investigated TBI in both sexes using animal models. Results from these studies are highly variable and model dependent, but largely show females to have a protective advantage in behavioral outcomes and pathology following TBI. Further research of both sexes using newer models that better recapitulate mild and repetitive TBI is needed to characterize the nature of sex-dependent injury and recovery, and ultimately identifies targets for enhanced recovery. SAGE Publications 2019-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6537488/ /pubmed/31205421 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179069519844020 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Rubin, Todd G Lipton, Michael L Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury |
title | Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury |
title_full | Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury |
title_fullStr | Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury |
title_full_unstemmed | Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury |
title_short | Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury |
title_sort | sex differences in animal models of traumatic brain injury |
topic | Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537488/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31205421 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179069519844020 |
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