Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent and there is currently no adequate treatment. Understanding the underlying mechanisms governing TBI and recovery remains an elusive goal. The heterogeneous nature of injury and individual’s response to injury have made understanding risk and susceptib...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Rubin, Todd G, Lipton, Michael L
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537488/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31205421
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179069519844020
_version_ 1783422022696566784
author Rubin, Todd G
Lipton, Michael L
author_facet Rubin, Todd G
Lipton, Michael L
author_sort Rubin, Todd G
collection PubMed
description Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent and there is currently no adequate treatment. Understanding the underlying mechanisms governing TBI and recovery remains an elusive goal. The heterogeneous nature of injury and individual’s response to injury have made understanding risk and susceptibility to TBI of great importance. Epidemiologic studies have provided evidence of sex-dependent differences following TBI. However, preclinical models of injury have largely focused on adult male animals. Here, we review 50 studies that have investigated TBI in both sexes using animal models. Results from these studies are highly variable and model dependent, but largely show females to have a protective advantage in behavioral outcomes and pathology following TBI. Further research of both sexes using newer models that better recapitulate mild and repetitive TBI is needed to characterize the nature of sex-dependent injury and recovery, and ultimately identifies targets for enhanced recovery.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6537488
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher SAGE Publications
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-65374882019-06-14 Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury Rubin, Todd G Lipton, Michael L J Exp Neurosci Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent and there is currently no adequate treatment. Understanding the underlying mechanisms governing TBI and recovery remains an elusive goal. The heterogeneous nature of injury and individual’s response to injury have made understanding risk and susceptibility to TBI of great importance. Epidemiologic studies have provided evidence of sex-dependent differences following TBI. However, preclinical models of injury have largely focused on adult male animals. Here, we review 50 studies that have investigated TBI in both sexes using animal models. Results from these studies are highly variable and model dependent, but largely show females to have a protective advantage in behavioral outcomes and pathology following TBI. Further research of both sexes using newer models that better recapitulate mild and repetitive TBI is needed to characterize the nature of sex-dependent injury and recovery, and ultimately identifies targets for enhanced recovery. SAGE Publications 2019-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6537488/ /pubmed/31205421 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179069519844020 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Rubin, Todd G
Lipton, Michael L
Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury
title Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury
title_full Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury
title_fullStr Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury
title_full_unstemmed Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury
title_short Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury
title_sort sex differences in animal models of traumatic brain injury
topic Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537488/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31205421
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179069519844020
work_keys_str_mv AT rubintoddg sexdifferencesinanimalmodelsoftraumaticbraininjury
AT liptonmichaell sexdifferencesinanimalmodelsoftraumaticbraininjury