Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica

Leishmania aethiopica is the main causative species for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ethiopia. Despite its considerable burden, L. aethiopica has been one of the most neglected Leishmania species. In this review, published evidence on L. aethiopica history, geography, vector, reservoir, epidemiol...

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Autores principales: van Henten, Saskia, Adriaensen, Wim, Fikre, Helina, Akuffo, Hannah, Diro, Ermias, Hailu, Asrat, Van der Auwera, Gert, van Griensven, Johan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537575/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31193672
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.12.009
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author van Henten, Saskia
Adriaensen, Wim
Fikre, Helina
Akuffo, Hannah
Diro, Ermias
Hailu, Asrat
Van der Auwera, Gert
van Griensven, Johan
author_facet van Henten, Saskia
Adriaensen, Wim
Fikre, Helina
Akuffo, Hannah
Diro, Ermias
Hailu, Asrat
Van der Auwera, Gert
van Griensven, Johan
author_sort van Henten, Saskia
collection PubMed
description Leishmania aethiopica is the main causative species for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ethiopia. Despite its considerable burden, L. aethiopica has been one of the most neglected Leishmania species. In this review, published evidence on L. aethiopica history, geography, vector, reservoir, epidemiology, parasitology, and immunology is discussed and knowledge gaps are outlined. L. aethiopica endemic regions are limited to the highland areas, although nationwide studies on CL prevalence are lacking. Phlebotomus pedifer and P. longipes are the sandfly vectors and hyraxes are considered to be the main reservoir, but the role of other sandfly species and other potential reservoirs requires further investigation. Where and how transmission occurs exactly are also still unknown. Most CL patients in Ethiopia are children and young adults. Lesions are most commonly on the face, in contrast to CL caused by other Leishmania species which may more frequently affect other body parts. CL lesions caused by L. aethiopica seem atypical and more severe in their presentation as compared to other Leishmania species. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis are relatively common, and healing of lesions caused by L. aethiopica seems to take longer than that of other species. A thorough documentation of the natural evolution of L. aethiopica as well as in depth studies into the immunological and parasitological characteristics that underpin the atypical and severe clinical presentation are needed. Better understanding of CL caused by this parasite species will contribute to interventions related to transmission, prevention, and treatment.
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spelling pubmed-65375752019-05-29 Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica van Henten, Saskia Adriaensen, Wim Fikre, Helina Akuffo, Hannah Diro, Ermias Hailu, Asrat Van der Auwera, Gert van Griensven, Johan EClinicalMedicine Review Leishmania aethiopica is the main causative species for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ethiopia. Despite its considerable burden, L. aethiopica has been one of the most neglected Leishmania species. In this review, published evidence on L. aethiopica history, geography, vector, reservoir, epidemiology, parasitology, and immunology is discussed and knowledge gaps are outlined. L. aethiopica endemic regions are limited to the highland areas, although nationwide studies on CL prevalence are lacking. Phlebotomus pedifer and P. longipes are the sandfly vectors and hyraxes are considered to be the main reservoir, but the role of other sandfly species and other potential reservoirs requires further investigation. Where and how transmission occurs exactly are also still unknown. Most CL patients in Ethiopia are children and young adults. Lesions are most commonly on the face, in contrast to CL caused by other Leishmania species which may more frequently affect other body parts. CL lesions caused by L. aethiopica seem atypical and more severe in their presentation as compared to other Leishmania species. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis are relatively common, and healing of lesions caused by L. aethiopica seems to take longer than that of other species. A thorough documentation of the natural evolution of L. aethiopica as well as in depth studies into the immunological and parasitological characteristics that underpin the atypical and severe clinical presentation are needed. Better understanding of CL caused by this parasite species will contribute to interventions related to transmission, prevention, and treatment. Elsevier 2019-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6537575/ /pubmed/31193672 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.12.009 Text en © 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
van Henten, Saskia
Adriaensen, Wim
Fikre, Helina
Akuffo, Hannah
Diro, Ermias
Hailu, Asrat
Van der Auwera, Gert
van Griensven, Johan
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica
title Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica
title_full Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica
title_fullStr Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica
title_full_unstemmed Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica
title_short Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica
title_sort cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania aethiopica
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6537575/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31193672
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.12.009
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