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Shedding Light on Penetration of Cereal Host Stomata by Wheat Stem Rust Using Improved Methodology
Asexual urediniospore infection of primary cereal hosts by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), the wheat stem rust pathogen, was considered biphasic. The first phase, spore germination and appressoria formation, requires a dark period and moisture. The second phase, host entry by the penetration...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6538696/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31138873 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44280-6 |
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author | Solanki, Shyam Ameen, Gazala Borowicz, Pawel Brueggeman, Robert S. |
author_facet | Solanki, Shyam Ameen, Gazala Borowicz, Pawel Brueggeman, Robert S. |
author_sort | Solanki, Shyam |
collection | PubMed |
description | Asexual urediniospore infection of primary cereal hosts by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), the wheat stem rust pathogen, was considered biphasic. The first phase, spore germination and appressoria formation, requires a dark period and moisture. The second phase, host entry by the penetration peg originating from the appressoria formed over the guard cells, was thought to require light to induce natural stomata opening. Previous studies concluded that inhibition of colonization by the dark was due to lack of penetration through closed stomata. A sensitive WGA-Alexa Fluor 488 fungal staining, surface creation and biovolume analysis method was developed enabling visualization and quantification of fungal growth in planta at early infection stages surpassing visualization barriers using previous methods. The improved method was used to investigate infection processes of Pgt during stomata penetration and colonization in barley and wheat showing that penetration is light independent. Based on the visual growth and fungal biovolume analysis it was concluded that the differences in pathogen growth dynamics in both resistant and susceptible genotypes was due to light induced pathogen growth after penetration into the substomatal space. Thus, light induced plant or pathogen cues triggers pathogen growth in-planta post penetration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6538696 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65386962019-06-07 Shedding Light on Penetration of Cereal Host Stomata by Wheat Stem Rust Using Improved Methodology Solanki, Shyam Ameen, Gazala Borowicz, Pawel Brueggeman, Robert S. Sci Rep Article Asexual urediniospore infection of primary cereal hosts by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), the wheat stem rust pathogen, was considered biphasic. The first phase, spore germination and appressoria formation, requires a dark period and moisture. The second phase, host entry by the penetration peg originating from the appressoria formed over the guard cells, was thought to require light to induce natural stomata opening. Previous studies concluded that inhibition of colonization by the dark was due to lack of penetration through closed stomata. A sensitive WGA-Alexa Fluor 488 fungal staining, surface creation and biovolume analysis method was developed enabling visualization and quantification of fungal growth in planta at early infection stages surpassing visualization barriers using previous methods. The improved method was used to investigate infection processes of Pgt during stomata penetration and colonization in barley and wheat showing that penetration is light independent. Based on the visual growth and fungal biovolume analysis it was concluded that the differences in pathogen growth dynamics in both resistant and susceptible genotypes was due to light induced pathogen growth after penetration into the substomatal space. Thus, light induced plant or pathogen cues triggers pathogen growth in-planta post penetration. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-05-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6538696/ /pubmed/31138873 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44280-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Solanki, Shyam Ameen, Gazala Borowicz, Pawel Brueggeman, Robert S. Shedding Light on Penetration of Cereal Host Stomata by Wheat Stem Rust Using Improved Methodology |
title | Shedding Light on Penetration of Cereal Host Stomata by Wheat Stem Rust Using Improved Methodology |
title_full | Shedding Light on Penetration of Cereal Host Stomata by Wheat Stem Rust Using Improved Methodology |
title_fullStr | Shedding Light on Penetration of Cereal Host Stomata by Wheat Stem Rust Using Improved Methodology |
title_full_unstemmed | Shedding Light on Penetration of Cereal Host Stomata by Wheat Stem Rust Using Improved Methodology |
title_short | Shedding Light on Penetration of Cereal Host Stomata by Wheat Stem Rust Using Improved Methodology |
title_sort | shedding light on penetration of cereal host stomata by wheat stem rust using improved methodology |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6538696/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31138873 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44280-6 |
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