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The Small GTPase Arf6: An Overview of Its Mechanisms of Action and of Its Role in Host–Pathogen Interactions and Innate Immunity
The small GTase Arf6 has several important functions in intracellular vesicular trafficking and regulates the recycling of different types of cargo internalized via clathrin-dependent or -independent endocytosis. It activates the lipid modifying enzymes PIP 5-kinase and phospholipase D, promotes act...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6539230/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31060328 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092209 |
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author | Van Acker, Tim Tavernier, Jan Peelman, Frank |
author_facet | Van Acker, Tim Tavernier, Jan Peelman, Frank |
author_sort | Van Acker, Tim |
collection | PubMed |
description | The small GTase Arf6 has several important functions in intracellular vesicular trafficking and regulates the recycling of different types of cargo internalized via clathrin-dependent or -independent endocytosis. It activates the lipid modifying enzymes PIP 5-kinase and phospholipase D, promotes actin polymerization, and affects several functionally distinct processes in the cell. Arf6 is used for the phagocytosis of pathogens and can be directly or indirectly targeted by various pathogens to block phagocytosis or induce the uptake of intracellular pathogens. Arf6 is also used in the signaling of Toll-like receptors and in the activation of NADPH oxidases. In this review, we first give an overview of the different roles and mechanisms of action of Arf6 and then focus on its role in innate immunity and host–pathogen interactions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6539230 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65392302019-06-04 The Small GTPase Arf6: An Overview of Its Mechanisms of Action and of Its Role in Host–Pathogen Interactions and Innate Immunity Van Acker, Tim Tavernier, Jan Peelman, Frank Int J Mol Sci Review The small GTase Arf6 has several important functions in intracellular vesicular trafficking and regulates the recycling of different types of cargo internalized via clathrin-dependent or -independent endocytosis. It activates the lipid modifying enzymes PIP 5-kinase and phospholipase D, promotes actin polymerization, and affects several functionally distinct processes in the cell. Arf6 is used for the phagocytosis of pathogens and can be directly or indirectly targeted by various pathogens to block phagocytosis or induce the uptake of intracellular pathogens. Arf6 is also used in the signaling of Toll-like receptors and in the activation of NADPH oxidases. In this review, we first give an overview of the different roles and mechanisms of action of Arf6 and then focus on its role in innate immunity and host–pathogen interactions. MDPI 2019-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6539230/ /pubmed/31060328 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092209 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Van Acker, Tim Tavernier, Jan Peelman, Frank The Small GTPase Arf6: An Overview of Its Mechanisms of Action and of Its Role in Host–Pathogen Interactions and Innate Immunity |
title | The Small GTPase Arf6: An Overview of Its Mechanisms of Action and of Its Role in Host–Pathogen Interactions and Innate Immunity |
title_full | The Small GTPase Arf6: An Overview of Its Mechanisms of Action and of Its Role in Host–Pathogen Interactions and Innate Immunity |
title_fullStr | The Small GTPase Arf6: An Overview of Its Mechanisms of Action and of Its Role in Host–Pathogen Interactions and Innate Immunity |
title_full_unstemmed | The Small GTPase Arf6: An Overview of Its Mechanisms of Action and of Its Role in Host–Pathogen Interactions and Innate Immunity |
title_short | The Small GTPase Arf6: An Overview of Its Mechanisms of Action and of Its Role in Host–Pathogen Interactions and Innate Immunity |
title_sort | small gtpase arf6: an overview of its mechanisms of action and of its role in host–pathogen interactions and innate immunity |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6539230/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31060328 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092209 |
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