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Multiplexed Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) Ion by FET Sensor Array in a Liquid Medium
Chromium, one of the top five toxic heavy metals ranked according to significance in public health by WHO, exists as Cr(III) which is naturally occurring or Cr(VI) which is anthropogenic in origin. The EPA specifies the maximum contaminant level in drinking water to be 10(−6) M or 0.1 mg/L or 100 pp...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6539384/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31035499 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19091969 |
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author | Shahim, Suman Sukesan, Revathi Sarangadharan, Indu Wang, Yu-Lin |
author_facet | Shahim, Suman Sukesan, Revathi Sarangadharan, Indu Wang, Yu-Lin |
author_sort | Shahim, Suman |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chromium, one of the top five toxic heavy metals ranked according to significance in public health by WHO, exists as Cr(III) which is naturally occurring or Cr(VI) which is anthropogenic in origin. The EPA specifies the maximum contaminant level in drinking water to be 10(−6) M or 0.1 mg/L or 100 ppb for the total dissolved Cr. To ensure the water consumed by the population has these pollutants below the safe threshold, this report demonstrates a field effect transistor (FET) based sensor design incorporating a highly target specific ion-selective membrane combined with extended gate technology which manifests sensitivity exceeding the Nernst limit aided by the high field effect in the short gap region of extended gate technology. Characterization and repeated testing of the portable device revealed a commendable calibration sensitivity of 99 mV/log [Cr(3+)] and 71 mV/log [Cr(6+)] for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) respectively, well surpassing the Nernst limits of sensitivity and offering a detection limit lower than ion-selective electrodes (10(−6) M), and comparable to the expensive benchtop laboratory instrument, ICP-MS. This report presents a robust, easy to fabricate, economic and efficient handheld biosensor to detect the chromium in a liquid sample whether it exists as Cr(III) or Cr(VI). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6539384 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65393842019-06-04 Multiplexed Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) Ion by FET Sensor Array in a Liquid Medium Shahim, Suman Sukesan, Revathi Sarangadharan, Indu Wang, Yu-Lin Sensors (Basel) Article Chromium, one of the top five toxic heavy metals ranked according to significance in public health by WHO, exists as Cr(III) which is naturally occurring or Cr(VI) which is anthropogenic in origin. The EPA specifies the maximum contaminant level in drinking water to be 10(−6) M or 0.1 mg/L or 100 ppb for the total dissolved Cr. To ensure the water consumed by the population has these pollutants below the safe threshold, this report demonstrates a field effect transistor (FET) based sensor design incorporating a highly target specific ion-selective membrane combined with extended gate technology which manifests sensitivity exceeding the Nernst limit aided by the high field effect in the short gap region of extended gate technology. Characterization and repeated testing of the portable device revealed a commendable calibration sensitivity of 99 mV/log [Cr(3+)] and 71 mV/log [Cr(6+)] for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) respectively, well surpassing the Nernst limits of sensitivity and offering a detection limit lower than ion-selective electrodes (10(−6) M), and comparable to the expensive benchtop laboratory instrument, ICP-MS. This report presents a robust, easy to fabricate, economic and efficient handheld biosensor to detect the chromium in a liquid sample whether it exists as Cr(III) or Cr(VI). MDPI 2019-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6539384/ /pubmed/31035499 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19091969 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Shahim, Suman Sukesan, Revathi Sarangadharan, Indu Wang, Yu-Lin Multiplexed Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) Ion by FET Sensor Array in a Liquid Medium |
title | Multiplexed Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) Ion by FET Sensor Array in a Liquid Medium |
title_full | Multiplexed Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) Ion by FET Sensor Array in a Liquid Medium |
title_fullStr | Multiplexed Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) Ion by FET Sensor Array in a Liquid Medium |
title_full_unstemmed | Multiplexed Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) Ion by FET Sensor Array in a Liquid Medium |
title_short | Multiplexed Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) Ion by FET Sensor Array in a Liquid Medium |
title_sort | multiplexed ultra-sensitive detection of cr(iii) and cr(vi) ion by fet sensor array in a liquid medium |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6539384/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31035499 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19091969 |
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