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Surface Characteristics of Esthetic Nickel–Titanium and Beta-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)—Primary Results
Background/Aim: There is continuing interest in engineering esthetic labial archwires. The aim of this study was to coat nickel–titanium (NiTi) and beta-titanium (β-Ti), also known as titanium molybdenum (TMA), archwires by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and to analyze the characteristics of th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6539843/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31052150 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091403 |
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author | Jung, Ole Becker, Jean-Philippe Smeets, Ralf Gosau, Martin Becker, Germain Kahl-Nieke, Bärbel Jung, Anne-Kathrin Heiland, Max Kopp, Alexander Barbeck, Mike Koehne, Till |
author_facet | Jung, Ole Becker, Jean-Philippe Smeets, Ralf Gosau, Martin Becker, Germain Kahl-Nieke, Bärbel Jung, Anne-Kathrin Heiland, Max Kopp, Alexander Barbeck, Mike Koehne, Till |
author_sort | Jung, Ole |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background/Aim: There is continuing interest in engineering esthetic labial archwires. The aim of this study was to coat nickel–titanium (NiTi) and beta-titanium (β-Ti), also known as titanium molybdenum (TMA), archwires by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and to analyze the characteristics of the PEO-surfaces. Materials and Methods: PEO-coatings were generated on 0.014-inch NiTi and 0.19 × 0.25-inch β-Ti archwires. The surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy. Cytocompatibility testing was performed with ceramized and untreated samples according to EN ISO 10993-5 in XTT-, BrdU- and LDH-assays. The direct cell impact was analyzed using LIVE-/DEAD-staining. In addition, the archwires were inserted in an orthodontic model and photographs were taken before and after insertion. Results: The PEO coatings were 15 to 20 µm thick with a whitish appearance. The cytocompatibility analysis revealed good cytocompatibility results for both ceramized NiTi and β-Ti archwires. In the direct cell tests, the ceramized samples showed improved compatibility as compared to those of uncoated samples. However, bending of the archwires resulted in loss of the PEO-surfaces. Nevertheless, it was possible to insert the β-Ti PEO-coated archwire in an orthodontic model without loss of the PEO-ceramic. Conclusion: PEO is a promising technique for the generation of esthetic orthodontic archwires. Since the PEO-coating does not resist bending, its clinical use seems to be limited so far to orthodontic techniques using straight or pre-bent archwires. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6539843 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65398432019-06-05 Surface Characteristics of Esthetic Nickel–Titanium and Beta-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)—Primary Results Jung, Ole Becker, Jean-Philippe Smeets, Ralf Gosau, Martin Becker, Germain Kahl-Nieke, Bärbel Jung, Anne-Kathrin Heiland, Max Kopp, Alexander Barbeck, Mike Koehne, Till Materials (Basel) Article Background/Aim: There is continuing interest in engineering esthetic labial archwires. The aim of this study was to coat nickel–titanium (NiTi) and beta-titanium (β-Ti), also known as titanium molybdenum (TMA), archwires by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and to analyze the characteristics of the PEO-surfaces. Materials and Methods: PEO-coatings were generated on 0.014-inch NiTi and 0.19 × 0.25-inch β-Ti archwires. The surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy. Cytocompatibility testing was performed with ceramized and untreated samples according to EN ISO 10993-5 in XTT-, BrdU- and LDH-assays. The direct cell impact was analyzed using LIVE-/DEAD-staining. In addition, the archwires were inserted in an orthodontic model and photographs were taken before and after insertion. Results: The PEO coatings were 15 to 20 µm thick with a whitish appearance. The cytocompatibility analysis revealed good cytocompatibility results for both ceramized NiTi and β-Ti archwires. In the direct cell tests, the ceramized samples showed improved compatibility as compared to those of uncoated samples. However, bending of the archwires resulted in loss of the PEO-surfaces. Nevertheless, it was possible to insert the β-Ti PEO-coated archwire in an orthodontic model without loss of the PEO-ceramic. Conclusion: PEO is a promising technique for the generation of esthetic orthodontic archwires. Since the PEO-coating does not resist bending, its clinical use seems to be limited so far to orthodontic techniques using straight or pre-bent archwires. MDPI 2019-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6539843/ /pubmed/31052150 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091403 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Jung, Ole Becker, Jean-Philippe Smeets, Ralf Gosau, Martin Becker, Germain Kahl-Nieke, Bärbel Jung, Anne-Kathrin Heiland, Max Kopp, Alexander Barbeck, Mike Koehne, Till Surface Characteristics of Esthetic Nickel–Titanium and Beta-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)—Primary Results |
title | Surface Characteristics of Esthetic Nickel–Titanium and Beta-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)—Primary Results |
title_full | Surface Characteristics of Esthetic Nickel–Titanium and Beta-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)—Primary Results |
title_fullStr | Surface Characteristics of Esthetic Nickel–Titanium and Beta-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)—Primary Results |
title_full_unstemmed | Surface Characteristics of Esthetic Nickel–Titanium and Beta-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)—Primary Results |
title_short | Surface Characteristics of Esthetic Nickel–Titanium and Beta-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)—Primary Results |
title_sort | surface characteristics of esthetic nickel–titanium and beta-titanium orthodontic archwires produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (peo)—primary results |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6539843/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31052150 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091403 |
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