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Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler

Epoxy resin based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether/anhydride methyl tetrahydrophthalic/2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DGEBA/MTHPA/DEH 35) was produced by magnetic stirring; chicken eggshell (ES) was added as cure improver. Thermal stability, cure parameters, mechanical properties, and fractur...

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Autores principales: Souza, José William de Lima, Jaques, Nichollas Guimarães, Popp, Matthias, Kolbe, Jana, Fook, Marcus Vinícius Lia, Wellen, Renate Maria Ramos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6540584/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31071924
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091489
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author Souza, José William de Lima
Jaques, Nichollas Guimarães
Popp, Matthias
Kolbe, Jana
Fook, Marcus Vinícius Lia
Wellen, Renate Maria Ramos
author_facet Souza, José William de Lima
Jaques, Nichollas Guimarães
Popp, Matthias
Kolbe, Jana
Fook, Marcus Vinícius Lia
Wellen, Renate Maria Ramos
author_sort Souza, José William de Lima
collection PubMed
description Epoxy resin based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether/anhydride methyl tetrahydrophthalic/2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DGEBA/MTHPA/DEH 35) was produced by magnetic stirring; chicken eggshell (ES) was added as cure improver. Thermal stability, cure parameters, mechanical properties, and fracture surface were investigated by thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile experiments, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In general, the addition of ES slightly decreased the thermal stability, being T(0.05) 5% lower than that of the reference sample. The cure rate increased with the heating rates, while best results were obtained upon addition of neat membrane (M) from ES. Surprisingly, the mechanical properties were significantly improved with ES as well as with M, being the Young’s modulus 18% higher, the tensile strength 50% higher, and the deformation 35% higher than those of epoxy resin. SEM images showed that the synthetic compounds presented a smooth fracture surface, while the compounds with ES and M had a rougher surface with multiplane fractures, suggesting a fracture with higher energy absorption. In conclusion, epoxy/ES composites with better performance were produced, and effective tools are provided to control and attain in the future even better properties with ecological features.
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spelling pubmed-65405842019-06-05 Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler Souza, José William de Lima Jaques, Nichollas Guimarães Popp, Matthias Kolbe, Jana Fook, Marcus Vinícius Lia Wellen, Renate Maria Ramos Materials (Basel) Article Epoxy resin based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether/anhydride methyl tetrahydrophthalic/2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DGEBA/MTHPA/DEH 35) was produced by magnetic stirring; chicken eggshell (ES) was added as cure improver. Thermal stability, cure parameters, mechanical properties, and fracture surface were investigated by thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile experiments, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In general, the addition of ES slightly decreased the thermal stability, being T(0.05) 5% lower than that of the reference sample. The cure rate increased with the heating rates, while best results were obtained upon addition of neat membrane (M) from ES. Surprisingly, the mechanical properties were significantly improved with ES as well as with M, being the Young’s modulus 18% higher, the tensile strength 50% higher, and the deformation 35% higher than those of epoxy resin. SEM images showed that the synthetic compounds presented a smooth fracture surface, while the compounds with ES and M had a rougher surface with multiplane fractures, suggesting a fracture with higher energy absorption. In conclusion, epoxy/ES composites with better performance were produced, and effective tools are provided to control and attain in the future even better properties with ecological features. MDPI 2019-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6540584/ /pubmed/31071924 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091489 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Souza, José William de Lima
Jaques, Nichollas Guimarães
Popp, Matthias
Kolbe, Jana
Fook, Marcus Vinícius Lia
Wellen, Renate Maria Ramos
Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler
title Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler
title_full Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler
title_fullStr Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler
title_short Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler
title_sort optimization of epoxy resin: an investigation of eggshell as a synergic filler
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6540584/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31071924
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091489
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