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Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler
Epoxy resin based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether/anhydride methyl tetrahydrophthalic/2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DGEBA/MTHPA/DEH 35) was produced by magnetic stirring; chicken eggshell (ES) was added as cure improver. Thermal stability, cure parameters, mechanical properties, and fractur...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6540584/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31071924 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091489 |
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author | Souza, José William de Lima Jaques, Nichollas Guimarães Popp, Matthias Kolbe, Jana Fook, Marcus Vinícius Lia Wellen, Renate Maria Ramos |
author_facet | Souza, José William de Lima Jaques, Nichollas Guimarães Popp, Matthias Kolbe, Jana Fook, Marcus Vinícius Lia Wellen, Renate Maria Ramos |
author_sort | Souza, José William de Lima |
collection | PubMed |
description | Epoxy resin based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether/anhydride methyl tetrahydrophthalic/2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DGEBA/MTHPA/DEH 35) was produced by magnetic stirring; chicken eggshell (ES) was added as cure improver. Thermal stability, cure parameters, mechanical properties, and fracture surface were investigated by thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile experiments, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In general, the addition of ES slightly decreased the thermal stability, being T(0.05) 5% lower than that of the reference sample. The cure rate increased with the heating rates, while best results were obtained upon addition of neat membrane (M) from ES. Surprisingly, the mechanical properties were significantly improved with ES as well as with M, being the Young’s modulus 18% higher, the tensile strength 50% higher, and the deformation 35% higher than those of epoxy resin. SEM images showed that the synthetic compounds presented a smooth fracture surface, while the compounds with ES and M had a rougher surface with multiplane fractures, suggesting a fracture with higher energy absorption. In conclusion, epoxy/ES composites with better performance were produced, and effective tools are provided to control and attain in the future even better properties with ecological features. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6540584 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65405842019-06-05 Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler Souza, José William de Lima Jaques, Nichollas Guimarães Popp, Matthias Kolbe, Jana Fook, Marcus Vinícius Lia Wellen, Renate Maria Ramos Materials (Basel) Article Epoxy resin based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether/anhydride methyl tetrahydrophthalic/2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DGEBA/MTHPA/DEH 35) was produced by magnetic stirring; chicken eggshell (ES) was added as cure improver. Thermal stability, cure parameters, mechanical properties, and fracture surface were investigated by thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile experiments, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In general, the addition of ES slightly decreased the thermal stability, being T(0.05) 5% lower than that of the reference sample. The cure rate increased with the heating rates, while best results were obtained upon addition of neat membrane (M) from ES. Surprisingly, the mechanical properties were significantly improved with ES as well as with M, being the Young’s modulus 18% higher, the tensile strength 50% higher, and the deformation 35% higher than those of epoxy resin. SEM images showed that the synthetic compounds presented a smooth fracture surface, while the compounds with ES and M had a rougher surface with multiplane fractures, suggesting a fracture with higher energy absorption. In conclusion, epoxy/ES composites with better performance were produced, and effective tools are provided to control and attain in the future even better properties with ecological features. MDPI 2019-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6540584/ /pubmed/31071924 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091489 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Souza, José William de Lima Jaques, Nichollas Guimarães Popp, Matthias Kolbe, Jana Fook, Marcus Vinícius Lia Wellen, Renate Maria Ramos Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler |
title | Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler |
title_full | Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler |
title_fullStr | Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler |
title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler |
title_short | Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler |
title_sort | optimization of epoxy resin: an investigation of eggshell as a synergic filler |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6540584/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31071924 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091489 |
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