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Macrophage Polarization in the Development and Progression of Ovarian Cancers: An Overview
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at late stages because of atypical symptoms and the lack of effective early diagnostic measures. The mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and development of ovarian cancer are not clear. Macrophages, i...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6540821/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31192126 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00421 |
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author | Cheng, Huiyan Wang, Zhichao Fu, Li Xu, Tianmin |
author_facet | Cheng, Huiyan Wang, Zhichao Fu, Li Xu, Tianmin |
author_sort | Cheng, Huiyan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at late stages because of atypical symptoms and the lack of effective early diagnostic measures. The mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and development of ovarian cancer are not clear. Macrophages, immune cells derived from the innate immune system, have two states of polarization (M1 and M2) that develop in response to different stimuli. The polarization and differentiation of macrophages into the cancer-inhibiting M1 and cancer-promoting M2 types represent the two states of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. The interaction of polarized macrophages with cancer cells plays a crucial role in a variety of cancers. However, the effects of macrophage M1/M2 polarization on ovarian cancer have not yet been systematically and fully discussed. In this review, we discuss not only the occurrence, development and influences of macrophage polarization but also the association between macrophage polarization and ovarian cancer. The polarization of macrophages into the M1 and M2 phenotypes plays a pivotal role in ovarian cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, and provides targets for macrophage-centered treatment in the cancer microenvironment for ovarian cancer therapy. We also addressed the regulation of macrophage polarization in ovarian cancer via noncoding RNAs, exosomes, and epigenetics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6540821 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65408212019-06-12 Macrophage Polarization in the Development and Progression of Ovarian Cancers: An Overview Cheng, Huiyan Wang, Zhichao Fu, Li Xu, Tianmin Front Oncol Oncology Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at late stages because of atypical symptoms and the lack of effective early diagnostic measures. The mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and development of ovarian cancer are not clear. Macrophages, immune cells derived from the innate immune system, have two states of polarization (M1 and M2) that develop in response to different stimuli. The polarization and differentiation of macrophages into the cancer-inhibiting M1 and cancer-promoting M2 types represent the two states of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. The interaction of polarized macrophages with cancer cells plays a crucial role in a variety of cancers. However, the effects of macrophage M1/M2 polarization on ovarian cancer have not yet been systematically and fully discussed. In this review, we discuss not only the occurrence, development and influences of macrophage polarization but also the association between macrophage polarization and ovarian cancer. The polarization of macrophages into the M1 and M2 phenotypes plays a pivotal role in ovarian cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, and provides targets for macrophage-centered treatment in the cancer microenvironment for ovarian cancer therapy. We also addressed the regulation of macrophage polarization in ovarian cancer via noncoding RNAs, exosomes, and epigenetics. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6540821/ /pubmed/31192126 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00421 Text en Copyright © 2019 Cheng, Wang, Fu and Xu. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Oncology Cheng, Huiyan Wang, Zhichao Fu, Li Xu, Tianmin Macrophage Polarization in the Development and Progression of Ovarian Cancers: An Overview |
title | Macrophage Polarization in the Development and Progression of Ovarian Cancers: An Overview |
title_full | Macrophage Polarization in the Development and Progression of Ovarian Cancers: An Overview |
title_fullStr | Macrophage Polarization in the Development and Progression of Ovarian Cancers: An Overview |
title_full_unstemmed | Macrophage Polarization in the Development and Progression of Ovarian Cancers: An Overview |
title_short | Macrophage Polarization in the Development and Progression of Ovarian Cancers: An Overview |
title_sort | macrophage polarization in the development and progression of ovarian cancers: an overview |
topic | Oncology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6540821/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31192126 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00421 |
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