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Characterization of New Recombinant Forms of HIV-1 From the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) by Phylogenetic Incongruence
Recombination is one of the main processes shaping the evolution of HIV-1, with relevant consequences for its epidemiology. In fact, Circulating and Unique Recombinant Forms (CRFs and URFs) cause 23% of current infections. The routine analyses of antiretroviral resistance yield partial pol gene sequ...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6540936/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31191463 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01006 |
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author | Beamud, Beatriz Bracho, María Alma González-Candelas, Fernando |
author_facet | Beamud, Beatriz Bracho, María Alma González-Candelas, Fernando |
author_sort | Beamud, Beatriz |
collection | PubMed |
description | Recombination is one of the main processes shaping the evolution of HIV-1, with relevant consequences for its epidemiology. In fact, Circulating and Unique Recombinant Forms (CRFs and URFs) cause 23% of current infections. The routine analyses of antiretroviral resistance yield partial pol gene sequences that can be exploited for molecular epidemiology surveillance but also to study viral diversity and to detect potential recombinant samples. Among the pol sequences derived from a large sample dataset from the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain), we identified nine putative recombinant samples. We aimed at fully characterizing these samples and performing a detailed analysis of the corresponding recombination events. We obtained nearly full-genome sequences and used jpHMM and RDP4 to detect and characterize recombinant fragments. We assessed the confidence of these inferences by likelihood mapping and phylogenetic placement with topology congruence tests. Next, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of each putative recombinant fragment to determine its relationships to previously described recombinant forms. We found that two samples related to CRF44_BF whereas the rest corresponded to new URFs (two URF_AD, one URF_BG that can constitute a new CRF resulting from subtype B and CRF24_BG, and two URF_cpx composed of A, G, K, H, and J subtypes). These URFs have a complex recombination pattern that cannot be determined accurately. They seem to have arisen by successive recombination events among lineages, including other CRFs. Our results highlight the usefulness of routine surveillance analysis for the detection of new HIV-1 recombination forms and, at the same time, the need for full-genome sequencing and recombination detection guidelines to properly characterize this complex process. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6540936 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65409362019-06-12 Characterization of New Recombinant Forms of HIV-1 From the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) by Phylogenetic Incongruence Beamud, Beatriz Bracho, María Alma González-Candelas, Fernando Front Microbiol Microbiology Recombination is one of the main processes shaping the evolution of HIV-1, with relevant consequences for its epidemiology. In fact, Circulating and Unique Recombinant Forms (CRFs and URFs) cause 23% of current infections. The routine analyses of antiretroviral resistance yield partial pol gene sequences that can be exploited for molecular epidemiology surveillance but also to study viral diversity and to detect potential recombinant samples. Among the pol sequences derived from a large sample dataset from the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain), we identified nine putative recombinant samples. We aimed at fully characterizing these samples and performing a detailed analysis of the corresponding recombination events. We obtained nearly full-genome sequences and used jpHMM and RDP4 to detect and characterize recombinant fragments. We assessed the confidence of these inferences by likelihood mapping and phylogenetic placement with topology congruence tests. Next, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of each putative recombinant fragment to determine its relationships to previously described recombinant forms. We found that two samples related to CRF44_BF whereas the rest corresponded to new URFs (two URF_AD, one URF_BG that can constitute a new CRF resulting from subtype B and CRF24_BG, and two URF_cpx composed of A, G, K, H, and J subtypes). These URFs have a complex recombination pattern that cannot be determined accurately. They seem to have arisen by successive recombination events among lineages, including other CRFs. Our results highlight the usefulness of routine surveillance analysis for the detection of new HIV-1 recombination forms and, at the same time, the need for full-genome sequencing and recombination detection guidelines to properly characterize this complex process. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6540936/ /pubmed/31191463 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01006 Text en Copyright © 2019 Beamud, Bracho and González-Candelas. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Beamud, Beatriz Bracho, María Alma González-Candelas, Fernando Characterization of New Recombinant Forms of HIV-1 From the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) by Phylogenetic Incongruence |
title | Characterization of New Recombinant Forms of HIV-1 From the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) by Phylogenetic Incongruence |
title_full | Characterization of New Recombinant Forms of HIV-1 From the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) by Phylogenetic Incongruence |
title_fullStr | Characterization of New Recombinant Forms of HIV-1 From the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) by Phylogenetic Incongruence |
title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of New Recombinant Forms of HIV-1 From the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) by Phylogenetic Incongruence |
title_short | Characterization of New Recombinant Forms of HIV-1 From the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) by Phylogenetic Incongruence |
title_sort | characterization of new recombinant forms of hiv-1 from the comunitat valenciana (spain) by phylogenetic incongruence |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6540936/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31191463 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01006 |
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