Cargando…
Bread wheat: a role model for plant domestication and breeding
BACKGROUND: Bread wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. Its domestication coincides with the beginning of agriculture and since then, it has been constantly under selection by humans. Its breeding has followed millennia of cultivation, sometimes with unintended selection on adaptive...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6542105/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31160891 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41065-019-0093-9 |
_version_ | 1783422882807808000 |
---|---|
author | Venske, Eduardo dos Santos, Railson Schreinert Busanello, Carlos Gustafson, Perry Costa de Oliveira, Antonio |
author_facet | Venske, Eduardo dos Santos, Railson Schreinert Busanello, Carlos Gustafson, Perry Costa de Oliveira, Antonio |
author_sort | Venske, Eduardo |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Bread wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. Its domestication coincides with the beginning of agriculture and since then, it has been constantly under selection by humans. Its breeding has followed millennia of cultivation, sometimes with unintended selection on adaptive traits, and later by applying intentional but empirical selective pressures. For more than one century, wheat breeding has been based on science, and has been constantly evolving due to on farm agronomy and breeding program improvements. The aim of this work is to briefly review wheat breeding, with emphasis on the current advances. DISCUSSION: Improving yield potential, resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and baking quality, have been priorities for breeding this cereal, however, new objectives are arising, such as biofortification enhancement. The narrow genetic diversity and complexity of its genome have hampered the breeding progress and the application of biotechnology. Old approaches, such as the introgression from relative species, mutagenesis, and hybrid breeding are strongly reappearing, motivated by an accumulation of knowledge and new technologies. A revolution has taken place regarding the use of molecular markers whereby thousands of plants can be routinely genotyped for thousands of loci. After 13 years, the wheat reference genome sequence and annotation has finally been completed, and is currently available to the scientific community. Transgenics, an unusual approach for wheat improvement, still represents a potential tool, however it is being replaced by gene editing, whose technology along with genomic selection, speed breeding, and high-throughput phenotyping make up the most recent frontiers for future wheat improvement. FINAL CONSIDERATION: Agriculture and plant breeding are constantly evolving, wheat has played a major role in these processes and will continue through decades to come. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6542105 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65421052019-06-03 Bread wheat: a role model for plant domestication and breeding Venske, Eduardo dos Santos, Railson Schreinert Busanello, Carlos Gustafson, Perry Costa de Oliveira, Antonio Hereditas Review BACKGROUND: Bread wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. Its domestication coincides with the beginning of agriculture and since then, it has been constantly under selection by humans. Its breeding has followed millennia of cultivation, sometimes with unintended selection on adaptive traits, and later by applying intentional but empirical selective pressures. For more than one century, wheat breeding has been based on science, and has been constantly evolving due to on farm agronomy and breeding program improvements. The aim of this work is to briefly review wheat breeding, with emphasis on the current advances. DISCUSSION: Improving yield potential, resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and baking quality, have been priorities for breeding this cereal, however, new objectives are arising, such as biofortification enhancement. The narrow genetic diversity and complexity of its genome have hampered the breeding progress and the application of biotechnology. Old approaches, such as the introgression from relative species, mutagenesis, and hybrid breeding are strongly reappearing, motivated by an accumulation of knowledge and new technologies. A revolution has taken place regarding the use of molecular markers whereby thousands of plants can be routinely genotyped for thousands of loci. After 13 years, the wheat reference genome sequence and annotation has finally been completed, and is currently available to the scientific community. Transgenics, an unusual approach for wheat improvement, still represents a potential tool, however it is being replaced by gene editing, whose technology along with genomic selection, speed breeding, and high-throughput phenotyping make up the most recent frontiers for future wheat improvement. FINAL CONSIDERATION: Agriculture and plant breeding are constantly evolving, wheat has played a major role in these processes and will continue through decades to come. BioMed Central 2019-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6542105/ /pubmed/31160891 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41065-019-0093-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Review Venske, Eduardo dos Santos, Railson Schreinert Busanello, Carlos Gustafson, Perry Costa de Oliveira, Antonio Bread wheat: a role model for plant domestication and breeding |
title | Bread wheat: a role model for plant domestication and breeding |
title_full | Bread wheat: a role model for plant domestication and breeding |
title_fullStr | Bread wheat: a role model for plant domestication and breeding |
title_full_unstemmed | Bread wheat: a role model for plant domestication and breeding |
title_short | Bread wheat: a role model for plant domestication and breeding |
title_sort | bread wheat: a role model for plant domestication and breeding |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6542105/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31160891 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41065-019-0093-9 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT venskeeduardo breadwheatarolemodelforplantdomesticationandbreeding AT dossantosrailsonschreinert breadwheatarolemodelforplantdomesticationandbreeding AT busanellocarlos breadwheatarolemodelforplantdomesticationandbreeding AT gustafsonperry breadwheatarolemodelforplantdomesticationandbreeding AT costadeoliveiraantonio breadwheatarolemodelforplantdomesticationandbreeding |