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Determinants and efficiency of Pakistan’s chemical products’ exports: An application of stochastic frontier gravity model
The estimation of efficiency of industry-specific exports is very important to find exports’ gap and to frame exports promotion policy for targeted industry. This study attempts to investigate the main determinants of chemical products’ exports of Pakistan with 62 trading partners by applying Stocha...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6542523/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31145736 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217210 |
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author | Atif, Rao Muhammad Mahmood, Haider Haiyun, Liu Mao, Haiou |
author_facet | Atif, Rao Muhammad Mahmood, Haider Haiyun, Liu Mao, Haiou |
author_sort | Atif, Rao Muhammad |
collection | PubMed |
description | The estimation of efficiency of industry-specific exports is very important to find exports’ gap and to frame exports promotion policy for targeted industry. This study attempts to investigate the main determinants of chemical products’ exports of Pakistan with 62 trading partners by applying Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) on an augmented gravity model for a period 1995–2015. The results corroborate that chemical products’ exports follow gravity patterns. This study finds a negative and significant impact of import tariff on exports of chemical products while the positive impact of devaluation has been observed. Further, the estimations also take into account the impact of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTA), colonial links, common language, political disputes and contiguity by incorporating dummy variable for each variable and the expected positive effects are found except an insignificant effect of Contiguity. Further, the negative impact of political disputes is observed. The exports’ efficiency analyses reveal that Pakistan’s chemical exports are well below the optimal level and there exists a huge untapped exports’ potential with its neighboring, Middle Eastern and European countries. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6542523 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65425232019-06-17 Determinants and efficiency of Pakistan’s chemical products’ exports: An application of stochastic frontier gravity model Atif, Rao Muhammad Mahmood, Haider Haiyun, Liu Mao, Haiou PLoS One Research Article The estimation of efficiency of industry-specific exports is very important to find exports’ gap and to frame exports promotion policy for targeted industry. This study attempts to investigate the main determinants of chemical products’ exports of Pakistan with 62 trading partners by applying Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) on an augmented gravity model for a period 1995–2015. The results corroborate that chemical products’ exports follow gravity patterns. This study finds a negative and significant impact of import tariff on exports of chemical products while the positive impact of devaluation has been observed. Further, the estimations also take into account the impact of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTA), colonial links, common language, political disputes and contiguity by incorporating dummy variable for each variable and the expected positive effects are found except an insignificant effect of Contiguity. Further, the negative impact of political disputes is observed. The exports’ efficiency analyses reveal that Pakistan’s chemical exports are well below the optimal level and there exists a huge untapped exports’ potential with its neighboring, Middle Eastern and European countries. Public Library of Science 2019-05-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6542523/ /pubmed/31145736 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217210 Text en © 2019 Atif et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Atif, Rao Muhammad Mahmood, Haider Haiyun, Liu Mao, Haiou Determinants and efficiency of Pakistan’s chemical products’ exports: An application of stochastic frontier gravity model |
title | Determinants and efficiency of Pakistan’s chemical products’ exports: An application of stochastic frontier gravity model |
title_full | Determinants and efficiency of Pakistan’s chemical products’ exports: An application of stochastic frontier gravity model |
title_fullStr | Determinants and efficiency of Pakistan’s chemical products’ exports: An application of stochastic frontier gravity model |
title_full_unstemmed | Determinants and efficiency of Pakistan’s chemical products’ exports: An application of stochastic frontier gravity model |
title_short | Determinants and efficiency of Pakistan’s chemical products’ exports: An application of stochastic frontier gravity model |
title_sort | determinants and efficiency of pakistan’s chemical products’ exports: an application of stochastic frontier gravity model |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6542523/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31145736 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217210 |
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