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Elemental and Mineralogical Composition of the Western Andean Snow (18°S–41°S)
The snowpack is an important source of water for many Andean communities. Because of its importance, elemental and mineralogical composition analysis of the Andean snow is a worthwhile effort. In this study, we conducted a chemical composition analysis (major and trace elements, mineralogy, and chem...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6544652/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31148573 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44516-5 |
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author | Alfonso, Juan A. Cordero, Raul R. Rowe, Penny M. Neshyba, Steven Casassa, Gino Carrasco, Jorge MacDonell, Shelley Lambert, Fabrice Pizarro, Jaime Fernandoy, Francisco Feron, Sarah Damiani, Alessandro Llanillo, Pedro Sepulveda, Edgardo Jorquera, Jose Garcia, Belkis Carrera, Juan M. Oyola, Pedro Kang, Choong-Min |
author_facet | Alfonso, Juan A. Cordero, Raul R. Rowe, Penny M. Neshyba, Steven Casassa, Gino Carrasco, Jorge MacDonell, Shelley Lambert, Fabrice Pizarro, Jaime Fernandoy, Francisco Feron, Sarah Damiani, Alessandro Llanillo, Pedro Sepulveda, Edgardo Jorquera, Jose Garcia, Belkis Carrera, Juan M. Oyola, Pedro Kang, Choong-Min |
author_sort | Alfonso, Juan A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The snowpack is an important source of water for many Andean communities. Because of its importance, elemental and mineralogical composition analysis of the Andean snow is a worthwhile effort. In this study, we conducted a chemical composition analysis (major and trace elements, mineralogy, and chemical enrichment) of surface snow sampled at 21 sites across a transect of about 2,500 km in the Chilean Andes (18–41°S). Our results enabled us to identify five depositional environments: (i) sites 1–3 (in the Atacama Desert, 18–26°S) with relatively high concentrations of metals, high abundance of quartz and low presence of arsenates, (ii) sites 4–8 (in northern Chile, 29–32°S) with relatively high abundance of quartz and low presence of metals and arsenates, (iii) sites 9–12 (in central Chile, 33–35°S) with anthropogenic enrichment of metals, relatively high values of quartz and low abundance of arsenates, (iv) sites 13–14 (also in central Chile, 35–37°S) with relatively high values of quartz and low presence of metals and arsenates, and v) sites 15–21 (in southern Chile, 37–41°S) with relatively high abundance of arsenates and low presence of metals and quartz. We found significant anthropogenic enrichment at sites close to Santiago (a major city of 6 million inhabitants) and in the Atacama Desert (that hosts several major copper mines). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6544652 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65446522019-06-09 Elemental and Mineralogical Composition of the Western Andean Snow (18°S–41°S) Alfonso, Juan A. Cordero, Raul R. Rowe, Penny M. Neshyba, Steven Casassa, Gino Carrasco, Jorge MacDonell, Shelley Lambert, Fabrice Pizarro, Jaime Fernandoy, Francisco Feron, Sarah Damiani, Alessandro Llanillo, Pedro Sepulveda, Edgardo Jorquera, Jose Garcia, Belkis Carrera, Juan M. Oyola, Pedro Kang, Choong-Min Sci Rep Article The snowpack is an important source of water for many Andean communities. Because of its importance, elemental and mineralogical composition analysis of the Andean snow is a worthwhile effort. In this study, we conducted a chemical composition analysis (major and trace elements, mineralogy, and chemical enrichment) of surface snow sampled at 21 sites across a transect of about 2,500 km in the Chilean Andes (18–41°S). Our results enabled us to identify five depositional environments: (i) sites 1–3 (in the Atacama Desert, 18–26°S) with relatively high concentrations of metals, high abundance of quartz and low presence of arsenates, (ii) sites 4–8 (in northern Chile, 29–32°S) with relatively high abundance of quartz and low presence of metals and arsenates, (iii) sites 9–12 (in central Chile, 33–35°S) with anthropogenic enrichment of metals, relatively high values of quartz and low abundance of arsenates, (iv) sites 13–14 (also in central Chile, 35–37°S) with relatively high values of quartz and low presence of metals and arsenates, and v) sites 15–21 (in southern Chile, 37–41°S) with relatively high abundance of arsenates and low presence of metals and quartz. We found significant anthropogenic enrichment at sites close to Santiago (a major city of 6 million inhabitants) and in the Atacama Desert (that hosts several major copper mines). Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC6544652/ /pubmed/31148573 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44516-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Alfonso, Juan A. Cordero, Raul R. Rowe, Penny M. Neshyba, Steven Casassa, Gino Carrasco, Jorge MacDonell, Shelley Lambert, Fabrice Pizarro, Jaime Fernandoy, Francisco Feron, Sarah Damiani, Alessandro Llanillo, Pedro Sepulveda, Edgardo Jorquera, Jose Garcia, Belkis Carrera, Juan M. Oyola, Pedro Kang, Choong-Min Elemental and Mineralogical Composition of the Western Andean Snow (18°S–41°S) |
title | Elemental and Mineralogical Composition of the Western Andean Snow (18°S–41°S) |
title_full | Elemental and Mineralogical Composition of the Western Andean Snow (18°S–41°S) |
title_fullStr | Elemental and Mineralogical Composition of the Western Andean Snow (18°S–41°S) |
title_full_unstemmed | Elemental and Mineralogical Composition of the Western Andean Snow (18°S–41°S) |
title_short | Elemental and Mineralogical Composition of the Western Andean Snow (18°S–41°S) |
title_sort | elemental and mineralogical composition of the western andean snow (18°s–41°s) |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6544652/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31148573 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44516-5 |
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