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Generation of mesenchymal stem-like cells for producing extracellular vesicles

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with therapeutic potential against autoimmune diseases, inflammation, ischemia, and metabolic disorders. Contrary to the previous conceptions, recent studies have revealed that the tissue repair and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs are...

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Autores principales: Kim, Soo, Kim, Tae Min
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6545523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31171955
http://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v11.i5.270
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author Kim, Soo
Kim, Tae Min
author_facet Kim, Soo
Kim, Tae Min
author_sort Kim, Soo
collection PubMed
description Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with therapeutic potential against autoimmune diseases, inflammation, ischemia, and metabolic disorders. Contrary to the previous conceptions, recent studies have revealed that the tissue repair and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs are largely attributed to their secretome, rather than their potential to differentiate into desired cell types. The composition of MSC secretome encompasses cytokines and growth factors, in addition to the cell-derived structures known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-enclosed nanoparticles that are capable of delivering biomolecules, and it is now believed that MSC-derived EVs are the major players that induce biological changes in the target tissues. Based on these EVs’ characteristics, the potential of EVs derived from MSC (MSC-EV) in terms of tissue regeneration and immune modulation has grown during the last decade. However, the use of MSCs for producing sufficient amount of EVs has not been satisfactory due to limitations in the cell growth and large variations among the donor cell types. In this regard, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs)-derived MSC-like cells, which can be robustly induced and expanded in vitro, have emerged as more accessible cell source that can overcome current limitations of using MSCs for EV production. In this review, we have highlighted the methods of generating MSC-like cells from PSCs and their therapeutic outcome in preclinical studies. Finally, we have also discussed future requirements for making this cell-free therapy clinically feasible.
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spelling pubmed-65455232019-06-06 Generation of mesenchymal stem-like cells for producing extracellular vesicles Kim, Soo Kim, Tae Min World J Stem Cells Review Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with therapeutic potential against autoimmune diseases, inflammation, ischemia, and metabolic disorders. Contrary to the previous conceptions, recent studies have revealed that the tissue repair and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs are largely attributed to their secretome, rather than their potential to differentiate into desired cell types. The composition of MSC secretome encompasses cytokines and growth factors, in addition to the cell-derived structures known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-enclosed nanoparticles that are capable of delivering biomolecules, and it is now believed that MSC-derived EVs are the major players that induce biological changes in the target tissues. Based on these EVs’ characteristics, the potential of EVs derived from MSC (MSC-EV) in terms of tissue regeneration and immune modulation has grown during the last decade. However, the use of MSCs for producing sufficient amount of EVs has not been satisfactory due to limitations in the cell growth and large variations among the donor cell types. In this regard, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs)-derived MSC-like cells, which can be robustly induced and expanded in vitro, have emerged as more accessible cell source that can overcome current limitations of using MSCs for EV production. In this review, we have highlighted the methods of generating MSC-like cells from PSCs and their therapeutic outcome in preclinical studies. Finally, we have also discussed future requirements for making this cell-free therapy clinically feasible. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2019-05-26 2019-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6545523/ /pubmed/31171955 http://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v11.i5.270 Text en ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.
spellingShingle Review
Kim, Soo
Kim, Tae Min
Generation of mesenchymal stem-like cells for producing extracellular vesicles
title Generation of mesenchymal stem-like cells for producing extracellular vesicles
title_full Generation of mesenchymal stem-like cells for producing extracellular vesicles
title_fullStr Generation of mesenchymal stem-like cells for producing extracellular vesicles
title_full_unstemmed Generation of mesenchymal stem-like cells for producing extracellular vesicles
title_short Generation of mesenchymal stem-like cells for producing extracellular vesicles
title_sort generation of mesenchymal stem-like cells for producing extracellular vesicles
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6545523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31171955
http://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v11.i5.270
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