Balance of saccharolysis and proteolysis underpins improvements in stool quality induced by adding a fiber bundle containing bound polyphenols to either hydrolyzed meat or grain-rich foods

Dietary fiber is a key component in gastrointestinal health maintenance partly due to its fermentation by the gut microbiome. The food-dependent effects of a novel fiber bundle added to hydrolyzed meat (HM) or grain-rich (GR) foods in healthy dogs (n = 16) or those with chronic enteritis/gastroenteritis (n = 16) were examined. Addition of fiber to either food improved stool quality in dogs regardless of health status; microbiome diversity of dogs with chronic enteritis/gastroenteritis became more similar to healthy dogs. The abundance of bacteria mediating beneficial saccharolytic processes (eg, Lachnospiraceae) significantly increased on addition of fiber to the GR food, while those mediating detrimental proteolytic catabolism (eg, Desulfovibrionaceae) significantly decreased. Fiber addition to the HM food led to significant changes in saccharolytic/proteolytic bacteria. Higher levels of free saccharides in feces upon fiber addition to either food indicated increased saccharolysis. Fiber addition to the GR food decreased levels of fecal free amino acids, indicating decreased proteolysis. Addition of fiber decreased fecal pH for both foods but likely by different mechanisms: addition of fiber to the HM food led to increased straight-chain short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and no significant change in proteolytic branched-chain SFCAs, while in the GR food, fiber mainly led to decreased proteolytic branched-chain SFCAs. Other postbiotics related to intestinal health were consistently altered when fiber was added to either food. Plant-derived bioactive molecules were enriched in feces from dogs fed either food with added fiber, which could account for the observed modulation of the canine gut microbiome and shifts in metabolic capacity.