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Hypocretin in median raphe nucleus modulates footshock stimuli-induced REM sleep alteration

Stress is one of major factors that cause sleep problems. Hypocretin represents a stress-related neuropeptide and is well known in maintaining physiological wakefulness. The hypocretinergic neurons originate in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and transmit to several brain regions, including the...

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Autores principales: Hsiao, Yi-Tse, Lo, Yun, Yi, Pei-Lu, Chang, Fang-Chia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6546759/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31160650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44731-0
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author Hsiao, Yi-Tse
Lo, Yun
Yi, Pei-Lu
Chang, Fang-Chia
author_facet Hsiao, Yi-Tse
Lo, Yun
Yi, Pei-Lu
Chang, Fang-Chia
author_sort Hsiao, Yi-Tse
collection PubMed
description Stress is one of major factors that cause sleep problems. Hypocretin represents a stress-related neuropeptide and is well known in maintaining physiological wakefulness. The hypocretinergic neurons originate in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and transmit to several brain regions, including the median raphe nuclei (MRNs). The MRNs modulate both fear responses and sleep-wake activity; however, it remains unclear whether stress alters the levels of hypocretin to regulate MRNs and consequently disrupt sleep. In this paper, we employed the inescapable footshock stimuli (IFS) as a stressor and hypothesized that the IFS-induced sleep disruption is mediated by increased hypocretins in the MRNs. Our results demonstrate that the concentrations of hypocretin in the hypothalamus increased after IFS. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was reduced after footshock, and microinjection of non-selective hypocretin receptor antagonist TCS-1102 into the MRNs blocked the IFS-induced decrease of REM sleep. Furthermore, administration of hypocretins into the MRNs mimicked the IFS-induced REM sleep reduction. These results conclude that the increased levels of hypocretins in the MRNs mediate the IFS-induced REM sleep reduction.
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spelling pubmed-65467592019-06-10 Hypocretin in median raphe nucleus modulates footshock stimuli-induced REM sleep alteration Hsiao, Yi-Tse Lo, Yun Yi, Pei-Lu Chang, Fang-Chia Sci Rep Article Stress is one of major factors that cause sleep problems. Hypocretin represents a stress-related neuropeptide and is well known in maintaining physiological wakefulness. The hypocretinergic neurons originate in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and transmit to several brain regions, including the median raphe nuclei (MRNs). The MRNs modulate both fear responses and sleep-wake activity; however, it remains unclear whether stress alters the levels of hypocretin to regulate MRNs and consequently disrupt sleep. In this paper, we employed the inescapable footshock stimuli (IFS) as a stressor and hypothesized that the IFS-induced sleep disruption is mediated by increased hypocretins in the MRNs. Our results demonstrate that the concentrations of hypocretin in the hypothalamus increased after IFS. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was reduced after footshock, and microinjection of non-selective hypocretin receptor antagonist TCS-1102 into the MRNs blocked the IFS-induced decrease of REM sleep. Furthermore, administration of hypocretins into the MRNs mimicked the IFS-induced REM sleep reduction. These results conclude that the increased levels of hypocretins in the MRNs mediate the IFS-induced REM sleep reduction. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-06-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6546759/ /pubmed/31160650 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44731-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Hsiao, Yi-Tse
Lo, Yun
Yi, Pei-Lu
Chang, Fang-Chia
Hypocretin in median raphe nucleus modulates footshock stimuli-induced REM sleep alteration
title Hypocretin in median raphe nucleus modulates footshock stimuli-induced REM sleep alteration
title_full Hypocretin in median raphe nucleus modulates footshock stimuli-induced REM sleep alteration
title_fullStr Hypocretin in median raphe nucleus modulates footshock stimuli-induced REM sleep alteration
title_full_unstemmed Hypocretin in median raphe nucleus modulates footshock stimuli-induced REM sleep alteration
title_short Hypocretin in median raphe nucleus modulates footshock stimuli-induced REM sleep alteration
title_sort hypocretin in median raphe nucleus modulates footshock stimuli-induced rem sleep alteration
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6546759/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31160650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44731-0
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