Strong Cellulose-Based Materials by Coupling Sodium Hydroxide–Anthraquinone (NaOH–AQ) Pulping with Hot Pressing from Wood

[Image: see text] Natural cellulose-based materials (CBMs) have considerable potential as strong and lightweight materials for advanced structural applications. Herein, we demonstrate a mechanically strong yet lightweight CBM with highly aligned wood fibers by the coupling pulping of wood blocks with mechanical pressing, which exhibits a tensile strength of 719.0 ± 30.2 MPa, an elastic modulus of 19.0 ± 1.4 GPa, and a density of 1.32 g/cm(3). The extraordinary mechanical properties of the CBM are mainly ascribed to the good orientation of wood fibers in the longitudinal direction as well as the dramatically increased hydrogen bonds among adjacent fiber cells due to the lignin removal and mechanical pressing. More significantly, the resulting sheet-like anisotropic CBMs can be used to fabricate anisotropic and isotropic bulk CBMs with maximum tensile strengths of 561 and 330 MPa, respectively, through a facile and scalable layer-by-layer stacking method. This work exploits the mechanical potential of cellulose and the large-scale production of anisotropic and isotropic bulk CBMs with extraordinary mechanical performance and may open up a range of novel applications to CBMs.