MON-165 The Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Diseases Increases with Age in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Background and objective: Patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM) are known to be at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalence and incidence of DM patients with heart diseases is unknown in Yenagoa and its environ of Bayelsa State, Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. The study investigated the incidence of CVD in chronic DM patients and compared the prevalence in both male and female subjects with respect to the duration of illness. The goals of screening are to improve life expectancy and quality of life by preventing Myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure through the early detection of significant CVD. Study Design and Methods: A total of 355 type 2 DM patients were recruited for the study. They were grouped into 135 DM patients that have suffered the Diabetes for less than 10years, 119 for 10-20years and 101 for 21 and above years. The plasma levels of the Cardiac Markers, Troponin I (CTnI), Troponin T (cTnT), Creatine Kinase (CK-MB), Myoglobin (MYO) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in the subjects. The method of fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) was used in the measurement of CTn1, CTnT and MYO. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the CK-MB and LDH. Results: Analysis of the results has shown that 20.54% of the studied subjects were diagnosed of various CVD and were statistically significant (P<0.05). Of this, 12.92% were females and 7.62% were males. 54.05% of DM subjects diagnosed of CVD were from group 21 and above years while 32.43% were from group 10 t0 20 years and 13.52% from those that had suffered it for <10 years. 32.96% of the total DM patients studied had either one or more of the cardiac markers elevated, showing the potentials of developing heart diseases. This is because the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes cause mitochondrial superoxide over production in endothelial cell of both large and small vessels as well as in the myocardium that leads to complications. The pair wise correlations between measured parameters in the DM patients with CVD showed a positive correlation. Conclusion: The risk of developing cardiovascular disease in DM in Yenagoa Bayelsa State. Niger Delta Region of Nigeria is more in the females with DM and those that have long duration of the illness.