Cargando…
T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours
In the last decades, a novel field has emerged in the cure of cancer, by boosting the ability of the patient’s immune system to recognize and kill tumour cells. Although excellent and encouraging results, exploiting the effect of genetically modified T cells, have been obtained, it is now evident th...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Shared Science Publishers OG
2018
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6551626/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31225487 http://dx.doi.org/10.15698/cst2018.07.148 |
_version_ | 1783424421935972352 |
---|---|
author | Caruana, Ignazio Simula, Luca Locatelli, Franco Campello, Silvia |
author_facet | Caruana, Ignazio Simula, Luca Locatelli, Franco Campello, Silvia |
author_sort | Caruana, Ignazio |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the last decades, a novel field has emerged in the cure of cancer, by boosting the ability of the patient’s immune system to recognize and kill tumour cells. Although excellent and encouraging results, exploiting the effect of genetically modified T cells, have been obtained, it is now evident that tumour malignancies can evolve several mechanisms to escape such immune responses, thus continuing their growth in the body. These mechanisms are in part due to tumour cell metabolic or genetic alterations, which can render the target invisible to the immune system or can favour the generation of an extracellular milieu preventing immune cell infiltration or cytotoxicity. Such mechanisms may also involve the accumulation inside the tumour microenvironment of different immune-suppressive cell types, which further down-regulate the activity of cytotoxic immune cells either directly by interacting with them or indirectly by releasing suppressive molecules. In this review, we will first focus on describing several mechanisms by which tumour cells may dampen or abrogate the immune response inside the tumour microenvironment and, second, on current strategies that are adopted to cope with and possibly overcome such alterations, thus ameliorating the efficacy of the current-in-use anti-cancer immuno-therapies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6551626 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Shared Science Publishers OG |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65516262019-06-20 T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours Caruana, Ignazio Simula, Luca Locatelli, Franco Campello, Silvia Cell Stress Review In the last decades, a novel field has emerged in the cure of cancer, by boosting the ability of the patient’s immune system to recognize and kill tumour cells. Although excellent and encouraging results, exploiting the effect of genetically modified T cells, have been obtained, it is now evident that tumour malignancies can evolve several mechanisms to escape such immune responses, thus continuing their growth in the body. These mechanisms are in part due to tumour cell metabolic or genetic alterations, which can render the target invisible to the immune system or can favour the generation of an extracellular milieu preventing immune cell infiltration or cytotoxicity. Such mechanisms may also involve the accumulation inside the tumour microenvironment of different immune-suppressive cell types, which further down-regulate the activity of cytotoxic immune cells either directly by interacting with them or indirectly by releasing suppressive molecules. In this review, we will first focus on describing several mechanisms by which tumour cells may dampen or abrogate the immune response inside the tumour microenvironment and, second, on current strategies that are adopted to cope with and possibly overcome such alterations, thus ameliorating the efficacy of the current-in-use anti-cancer immuno-therapies. Shared Science Publishers OG 2018-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6551626/ /pubmed/31225487 http://dx.doi.org/10.15698/cst2018.07.148 Text en Copyright: © 2018 Caruana et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article released under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are acknowledged. |
spellingShingle | Review Caruana, Ignazio Simula, Luca Locatelli, Franco Campello, Silvia T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours |
title | T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours |
title_full | T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours |
title_fullStr | T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours |
title_full_unstemmed | T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours |
title_short | T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours |
title_sort | t lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6551626/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31225487 http://dx.doi.org/10.15698/cst2018.07.148 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT caruanaignazio tlymphocytesagainstsolidmalignancieswinningwaystodefeattumours AT simulaluca tlymphocytesagainstsolidmalignancieswinningwaystodefeattumours AT locatellifranco tlymphocytesagainstsolidmalignancieswinningwaystodefeattumours AT campellosilvia tlymphocytesagainstsolidmalignancieswinningwaystodefeattumours |