Prevalence of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis among Patients Previously Treated for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in North-Western, Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem. Greater than 90% of rifampicin (RIF)-resistant isolates were also isoniazid resistant, and hence, rifampicin resistance (RR) is frequently used as a surrogate for multidrug-resistant TB. SETTING: This study was conducted at Infectious Disease Hospital Kano in North-Western Nigeria. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of RR among patients previously treated for pulmonary TB (PTB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 patients previously treated for PTB with current clinical features of PTB were recruited into this study. Relevant clinical information were obtained using a questionnaire. The sputum was collected and analyzed by the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF(®) machine to detect RR tuberculosis infection and blood screened for HIV infection. RESULTS: The mean (±standard deviation) age of the participants was 35.9 ± 14.3 years and they comprised 73 (60.8%) males and 47 (39.2%) females. HIV-seropositive rate was 11.7% among the participants. Of the 120 participants, PTB was detected in 35 (29.2%) of the participants by Gene Xpert MTB/RIF and 29 of them were cases of relapse. Five patients (4.2%) had RR tuberculosis and 80% of them were below the age of 45 years. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of RR is not high among previously treated PTB patients in this study when compared with other previous studies. This finding is a window for evaluating the efficacy of current interventions in the region and evidence for the consolidation of existing control policies.