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Spatial Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria

BACKGROUND. Soil pollution by heavy metals in urban areas is of major concern to city planners and policy makers because of the potential threat to human health. Hence, an investigation of soil pollution is crucial to urban environmental assessment and management. OBJECTIVE. To determine the spatial...

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Autores principales: Adedeji, Oludare Hakeem, Olayinka, Oluwafunmilayo O., Tope-Ajayi, Opeyemi O.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Black Smith Institute 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6555248/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31259077
http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-9.22.190601
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author Adedeji, Oludare Hakeem
Olayinka, Oluwafunmilayo O.
Tope-Ajayi, Opeyemi O.
author_facet Adedeji, Oludare Hakeem
Olayinka, Oluwafunmilayo O.
Tope-Ajayi, Opeyemi O.
author_sort Adedeji, Oludare Hakeem
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND. Soil pollution by heavy metals in urban areas is of major concern to city planners and policy makers because of the potential threat to human health. Hence, an investigation of soil pollution is crucial to urban environmental assessment and management. OBJECTIVE. To determine the spatial distribution and health risk assessment of seven heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) around Ijebu-ode, southwest Nigeria. METHODS. Surface soil samples were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn levels using standard procedures. Geographic information system (GIS) data, pollution indices (enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index), and the health risk assessment model, respectively, were used to analyze the spatial distribution, pollution level, and potential health risk of heavy metals. RESULTS. Low pH was observed in the urban soils. The average concentrations of the seven heavy metals investigated were in order of Zn > Pb > Mn > Cu > Cd > Ni > Cr. There was high spatial variation in the distribution patterns of the heavy metals. The cancer risks for Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn for children (1.50 × 10(−3) – 2.71 × 10(−2)) and Mn, Pb, and Zn for adults (7.89 × 10(−4) – 2.97 × 10(−3)) were higher than the acceptable range of 1 × 10(−6) - 1 × 10(−4). CONCLUSIONS. Anthropogenic activities from different urban land uses contribute to the pollution levels and spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils. Increasing pollution of urban soil may contribute to the occurrence of some health risk for residents in the study area. COMPETING INTERESTS. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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spelling pubmed-65552482019-06-28 Spatial Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria Adedeji, Oludare Hakeem Olayinka, Oluwafunmilayo O. Tope-Ajayi, Opeyemi O. J Health Pollut Research BACKGROUND. Soil pollution by heavy metals in urban areas is of major concern to city planners and policy makers because of the potential threat to human health. Hence, an investigation of soil pollution is crucial to urban environmental assessment and management. OBJECTIVE. To determine the spatial distribution and health risk assessment of seven heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) around Ijebu-ode, southwest Nigeria. METHODS. Surface soil samples were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn levels using standard procedures. Geographic information system (GIS) data, pollution indices (enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index), and the health risk assessment model, respectively, were used to analyze the spatial distribution, pollution level, and potential health risk of heavy metals. RESULTS. Low pH was observed in the urban soils. The average concentrations of the seven heavy metals investigated were in order of Zn > Pb > Mn > Cu > Cd > Ni > Cr. There was high spatial variation in the distribution patterns of the heavy metals. The cancer risks for Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn for children (1.50 × 10(−3) – 2.71 × 10(−2)) and Mn, Pb, and Zn for adults (7.89 × 10(−4) – 2.97 × 10(−3)) were higher than the acceptable range of 1 × 10(−6) - 1 × 10(−4). CONCLUSIONS. Anthropogenic activities from different urban land uses contribute to the pollution levels and spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils. Increasing pollution of urban soil may contribute to the occurrence of some health risk for residents in the study area. COMPETING INTERESTS. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Black Smith Institute 2019-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6555248/ /pubmed/31259077 http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-9.22.190601 Text en © Pure Earth 2019 This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Research
Adedeji, Oludare Hakeem
Olayinka, Oluwafunmilayo O.
Tope-Ajayi, Opeyemi O.
Spatial Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria
title Spatial Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria
title_full Spatial Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria
title_fullStr Spatial Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Spatial Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria
title_short Spatial Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria
title_sort spatial distribution and health risk assessment of soil pollution by heavy metals in ijebu-ode, nigeria
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6555248/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31259077
http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-9.22.190601
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