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Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease

Currently, over five million Americans suffer with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the absence of a cure, this number could increase to 13.8 million by 2050. A critical goal of biomedical research is to establish indicators of AD during the preclinical stage (i.e. biomarkers) allowing for early diagnos...

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Autores principales: Márquez, Freddie, Yassa, Michael A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6555939/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31174557
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13024-019-0325-5
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author Márquez, Freddie
Yassa, Michael A.
author_facet Márquez, Freddie
Yassa, Michael A.
author_sort Márquez, Freddie
collection PubMed
description Currently, over five million Americans suffer with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the absence of a cure, this number could increase to 13.8 million by 2050. A critical goal of biomedical research is to establish indicators of AD during the preclinical stage (i.e. biomarkers) allowing for early diagnosis and intervention. Numerous advances have been made in developing biomarkers for AD using neuroimaging approaches. These approaches offer tremendous versatility in terms of targeting distinct age-related and pathophysiological mechanisms such as structural decline (e.g. volumetry, cortical thinning), functional decline (e.g. fMRI activity, network correlations), connectivity decline (e.g. diffusion anisotropy), and pathological aggregates (e.g. amyloid and tau PET). In this review, we survey the state of the literature on neuroimaging approaches to developing novel biomarkers for the amnestic form of AD, with an emphasis on combining approaches into multimodal biomarkers. We also discuss emerging methods including imaging epigenetics, neuroinflammation, and synaptic integrity using PET tracers. Finally, we review the complementary information that neuroimaging biomarkers provide, which highlights the potential utility of composite biomarkers as suitable outcome measures for proof-of-concept clinical trials with experimental therapeutics.
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spelling pubmed-65559392019-06-10 Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Márquez, Freddie Yassa, Michael A. Mol Neurodegener Review Currently, over five million Americans suffer with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the absence of a cure, this number could increase to 13.8 million by 2050. A critical goal of biomedical research is to establish indicators of AD during the preclinical stage (i.e. biomarkers) allowing for early diagnosis and intervention. Numerous advances have been made in developing biomarkers for AD using neuroimaging approaches. These approaches offer tremendous versatility in terms of targeting distinct age-related and pathophysiological mechanisms such as structural decline (e.g. volumetry, cortical thinning), functional decline (e.g. fMRI activity, network correlations), connectivity decline (e.g. diffusion anisotropy), and pathological aggregates (e.g. amyloid and tau PET). In this review, we survey the state of the literature on neuroimaging approaches to developing novel biomarkers for the amnestic form of AD, with an emphasis on combining approaches into multimodal biomarkers. We also discuss emerging methods including imaging epigenetics, neuroinflammation, and synaptic integrity using PET tracers. Finally, we review the complementary information that neuroimaging biomarkers provide, which highlights the potential utility of composite biomarkers as suitable outcome measures for proof-of-concept clinical trials with experimental therapeutics. BioMed Central 2019-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6555939/ /pubmed/31174557 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13024-019-0325-5 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Márquez, Freddie
Yassa, Michael A.
Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease
title Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease
title_fullStr Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease
title_short Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease
title_sort neuroimaging biomarkers for alzheimer’s disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6555939/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31174557
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13024-019-0325-5
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