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Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediates the communication between the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, CNS insulin resistance has been elucidated to play a role in neurodegenerative disease. This has stimulated a wealth of information on the molecular impact of insulin in the...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Rhea, Elizabeth M., Banks, William A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6558081/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31213970
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00521
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author Rhea, Elizabeth M.
Banks, William A.
author_facet Rhea, Elizabeth M.
Banks, William A.
author_sort Rhea, Elizabeth M.
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description The blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediates the communication between the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, CNS insulin resistance has been elucidated to play a role in neurodegenerative disease. This has stimulated a wealth of information on the molecular impact of insulin in the brain, particularly in the improvement of cognition. Since the BBB regulates the transport of insulin into the brain and thus, helps to regulate CNS levels, alterations in the BBB response to insulin could impact CNS insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the effect of insulin on some of the cell types that make up the BBB, including endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, and pericytes. We broadly discuss how these changes in specific cell types could ultimately impact the BBB. We also summarize how insulin can regulate levels of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease, including amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau within each cell type. Finally, we suggest interventional approaches to overcome detrimental effects on the BBB in regards to changes in insulin transport.
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spelling pubmed-65580812019-06-18 Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance Rhea, Elizabeth M. Banks, William A. Front Neurosci Neuroscience The blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediates the communication between the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, CNS insulin resistance has been elucidated to play a role in neurodegenerative disease. This has stimulated a wealth of information on the molecular impact of insulin in the brain, particularly in the improvement of cognition. Since the BBB regulates the transport of insulin into the brain and thus, helps to regulate CNS levels, alterations in the BBB response to insulin could impact CNS insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the effect of insulin on some of the cell types that make up the BBB, including endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, and pericytes. We broadly discuss how these changes in specific cell types could ultimately impact the BBB. We also summarize how insulin can regulate levels of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease, including amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau within each cell type. Finally, we suggest interventional approaches to overcome detrimental effects on the BBB in regards to changes in insulin transport. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-06-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6558081/ /pubmed/31213970 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00521 Text en Copyright © 2019 Rhea and Banks. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Rhea, Elizabeth M.
Banks, William A.
Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance
title Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance
title_full Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance
title_fullStr Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance
title_full_unstemmed Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance
title_short Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance
title_sort role of the blood-brain barrier in central nervous system insulin resistance
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6558081/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31213970
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00521
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