Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessment of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in canine spleen

BACKGROUND: Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) is one of the most common non-neoplastic splenic lesions in dogs, especially in old ones, showing a splenic enlargement. More recent studies have been focused on Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography (CEUS) analysis of the spleen for establishing normal per...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mangano, Cyndi, Macrì, Francesco, Di Pietro, Simona, Pugliese, Michela, Santoro, Silvia, Iannelli, Nicola M., Mazzullo, Giuseppe, Crupi, Rosalia, De Majo, Massimo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6560855/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31185980
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1942-5
_version_ 1783426035135545344
author Mangano, Cyndi
Macrì, Francesco
Di Pietro, Simona
Pugliese, Michela
Santoro, Silvia
Iannelli, Nicola M.
Mazzullo, Giuseppe
Crupi, Rosalia
De Majo, Massimo
author_facet Mangano, Cyndi
Macrì, Francesco
Di Pietro, Simona
Pugliese, Michela
Santoro, Silvia
Iannelli, Nicola M.
Mazzullo, Giuseppe
Crupi, Rosalia
De Majo, Massimo
author_sort Mangano, Cyndi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) is one of the most common non-neoplastic splenic lesions in dogs, especially in old ones, showing a splenic enlargement. More recent studies have been focused on Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography (CEUS) analysis of the spleen for establishing normal perfusion patterns and blood pool phase peculiarities of focal lesions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative CEUS analysis of the canine splenic NLH, characterizing the CEUS pattern of this pathology on 20 clinical cases. RESULTS: A prospective, observational study was performed using a system equipped with contrast-tuned imaging technology. Mechanical Index was set from 0.08 to 0.11; the contrast medium was a second generation contrast medium composed of sulphur hexafluoride encapsulated of a shell of phospholipids (SonoVue®). Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the enhancement pattern of splenic NLH were performed. Cytology and histology identified 20 splenic NLH. All of the benign hyperplastic lesions assessed were isoechoic with a homogeneous pattern than the surrounding normal spleen, during the wash-in phase (10–20 s) of the CEUS exam. Before finishing the wash-in phase, 20–45 s from the contrast medium inoculation, 19/20 benign nodules became markedly hypoechoic to the adjacent spleen. Sensitivity of hypoechoic pattern for NLH was 95%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings should prove useful in the evaluation of focal splenic masses in dogs. Since enhancement and perfusion patterns of NLH seem to coincide with some neoplastic lesions of the spleen previously reported, in clinical practice attention must be paid to the final diagnosis of canine splenic lesions using only the CEUS exam.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6560855
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-65608552019-06-14 Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessment of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in canine spleen Mangano, Cyndi Macrì, Francesco Di Pietro, Simona Pugliese, Michela Santoro, Silvia Iannelli, Nicola M. Mazzullo, Giuseppe Crupi, Rosalia De Majo, Massimo BMC Vet Res Research Article BACKGROUND: Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) is one of the most common non-neoplastic splenic lesions in dogs, especially in old ones, showing a splenic enlargement. More recent studies have been focused on Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography (CEUS) analysis of the spleen for establishing normal perfusion patterns and blood pool phase peculiarities of focal lesions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative CEUS analysis of the canine splenic NLH, characterizing the CEUS pattern of this pathology on 20 clinical cases. RESULTS: A prospective, observational study was performed using a system equipped with contrast-tuned imaging technology. Mechanical Index was set from 0.08 to 0.11; the contrast medium was a second generation contrast medium composed of sulphur hexafluoride encapsulated of a shell of phospholipids (SonoVue®). Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the enhancement pattern of splenic NLH were performed. Cytology and histology identified 20 splenic NLH. All of the benign hyperplastic lesions assessed were isoechoic with a homogeneous pattern than the surrounding normal spleen, during the wash-in phase (10–20 s) of the CEUS exam. Before finishing the wash-in phase, 20–45 s from the contrast medium inoculation, 19/20 benign nodules became markedly hypoechoic to the adjacent spleen. Sensitivity of hypoechoic pattern for NLH was 95%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings should prove useful in the evaluation of focal splenic masses in dogs. Since enhancement and perfusion patterns of NLH seem to coincide with some neoplastic lesions of the spleen previously reported, in clinical practice attention must be paid to the final diagnosis of canine splenic lesions using only the CEUS exam. BioMed Central 2019-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6560855/ /pubmed/31185980 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1942-5 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Mangano, Cyndi
Macrì, Francesco
Di Pietro, Simona
Pugliese, Michela
Santoro, Silvia
Iannelli, Nicola M.
Mazzullo, Giuseppe
Crupi, Rosalia
De Majo, Massimo
Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessment of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in canine spleen
title Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessment of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in canine spleen
title_full Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessment of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in canine spleen
title_fullStr Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessment of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in canine spleen
title_full_unstemmed Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessment of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in canine spleen
title_short Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessment of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in canine spleen
title_sort use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessment of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (nlh) in canine spleen
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6560855/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31185980
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1942-5
work_keys_str_mv AT manganocyndi useofcontrastenhancedultrasoundforassessmentofnodularlymphoidhyperplasianlhincaninespleen
AT macrifrancesco useofcontrastenhancedultrasoundforassessmentofnodularlymphoidhyperplasianlhincaninespleen
AT dipietrosimona useofcontrastenhancedultrasoundforassessmentofnodularlymphoidhyperplasianlhincaninespleen
AT pugliesemichela useofcontrastenhancedultrasoundforassessmentofnodularlymphoidhyperplasianlhincaninespleen
AT santorosilvia useofcontrastenhancedultrasoundforassessmentofnodularlymphoidhyperplasianlhincaninespleen
AT iannellinicolam useofcontrastenhancedultrasoundforassessmentofnodularlymphoidhyperplasianlhincaninespleen
AT mazzullogiuseppe useofcontrastenhancedultrasoundforassessmentofnodularlymphoidhyperplasianlhincaninespleen
AT crupirosalia useofcontrastenhancedultrasoundforassessmentofnodularlymphoidhyperplasianlhincaninespleen
AT demajomassimo useofcontrastenhancedultrasoundforassessmentofnodularlymphoidhyperplasianlhincaninespleen