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Molecular and Morphological Profiling of Lung Cancer: A Foundation for “Next-Generation” Pathologists and Oncologists
The pathological diagnosis of lung cancer has largely been based on the morphological features observed microscopically. Recent innovations in molecular and genetic technology enable us to compare conventional histological classifications, protein expression status, and gene abnormalities. The intro...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6562944/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31035693 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050599 |
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author | Kashima, Jumpei Kitadai, Rui Okuma, Yusuke |
author_facet | Kashima, Jumpei Kitadai, Rui Okuma, Yusuke |
author_sort | Kashima, Jumpei |
collection | PubMed |
description | The pathological diagnosis of lung cancer has largely been based on the morphological features observed microscopically. Recent innovations in molecular and genetic technology enable us to compare conventional histological classifications, protein expression status, and gene abnormalities. The introduction of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project along with the widespread use of the next-generation sequencer (NGS) have facilitated access to enormous data regarding the molecular profiles of lung cancer. The World Health Organization classification of lung cancer, which was revised in 2015, is based on this progress in molecular pathology; moreover, immunohistochemistry has come to play a larger role in diagnosis. In this article, we focused on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in non-small cell carcinoma (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma), neuroendocrine tumor (including carcinoids, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma), and carcinoma with rare histological subtypes. In addition, we summarize the therapeutic targeted reagents that are currently available and undergoing clinical trials. A good understanding of the morphological and molecular profiles will be necessary in routine practice when the NGS platform is widely used. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6562944 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65629442019-06-17 Molecular and Morphological Profiling of Lung Cancer: A Foundation for “Next-Generation” Pathologists and Oncologists Kashima, Jumpei Kitadai, Rui Okuma, Yusuke Cancers (Basel) Review The pathological diagnosis of lung cancer has largely been based on the morphological features observed microscopically. Recent innovations in molecular and genetic technology enable us to compare conventional histological classifications, protein expression status, and gene abnormalities. The introduction of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project along with the widespread use of the next-generation sequencer (NGS) have facilitated access to enormous data regarding the molecular profiles of lung cancer. The World Health Organization classification of lung cancer, which was revised in 2015, is based on this progress in molecular pathology; moreover, immunohistochemistry has come to play a larger role in diagnosis. In this article, we focused on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in non-small cell carcinoma (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma), neuroendocrine tumor (including carcinoids, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma), and carcinoma with rare histological subtypes. In addition, we summarize the therapeutic targeted reagents that are currently available and undergoing clinical trials. A good understanding of the morphological and molecular profiles will be necessary in routine practice when the NGS platform is widely used. MDPI 2019-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6562944/ /pubmed/31035693 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050599 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kashima, Jumpei Kitadai, Rui Okuma, Yusuke Molecular and Morphological Profiling of Lung Cancer: A Foundation for “Next-Generation” Pathologists and Oncologists |
title | Molecular and Morphological Profiling of Lung Cancer: A Foundation for “Next-Generation” Pathologists and Oncologists |
title_full | Molecular and Morphological Profiling of Lung Cancer: A Foundation for “Next-Generation” Pathologists and Oncologists |
title_fullStr | Molecular and Morphological Profiling of Lung Cancer: A Foundation for “Next-Generation” Pathologists and Oncologists |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular and Morphological Profiling of Lung Cancer: A Foundation for “Next-Generation” Pathologists and Oncologists |
title_short | Molecular and Morphological Profiling of Lung Cancer: A Foundation for “Next-Generation” Pathologists and Oncologists |
title_sort | molecular and morphological profiling of lung cancer: a foundation for “next-generation” pathologists and oncologists |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6562944/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31035693 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050599 |
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