Cargando…
IIV-6 Inhibits NF-κB Responses in Drosophila
The host immune response and virus-encoded immune evasion proteins pose constant, mutual selective pressure on each other. Virally encoded immune evasion proteins also indicate which host pathways must be inhibited to allow for viral replication. Here, we show that IIV-6 is capable of inhibiting the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6563256/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31052481 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11050409 |
_version_ | 1783426508470091776 |
---|---|
author | West, Cara Rus, Florentina Chen, Ying Kleino, Anni Gangloff, Monique Gammon, Don B. Silverman, Neal |
author_facet | West, Cara Rus, Florentina Chen, Ying Kleino, Anni Gangloff, Monique Gammon, Don B. Silverman, Neal |
author_sort | West, Cara |
collection | PubMed |
description | The host immune response and virus-encoded immune evasion proteins pose constant, mutual selective pressure on each other. Virally encoded immune evasion proteins also indicate which host pathways must be inhibited to allow for viral replication. Here, we show that IIV-6 is capable of inhibiting the two Drosophila NF-κB signaling pathways, Imd and Toll. Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene induction downstream of either pathway is suppressed when cells infected with IIV-6 are also stimulated with Toll or Imd ligands. We find that cleavage of both Imd and Relish, as well as Relish nuclear translocation, three key points in Imd signal transduction, occur in IIV-6 infected cells, indicating that the mechanism of viral inhibition is farther downstream, at the level of Relish promoter binding or transcriptional activation. Additionally, flies co-infected with both IIV-6 and the Gram-negative bacterium, Erwinia carotovora carotovora, succumb to infection more rapidly than flies singly infected with either the virus or the bacterium. These findings demonstrate how pre-existing infections can have a dramatic and negative effect on secondary infections, and establish a Drosophila model to study confection susceptibility. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6563256 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65632562019-06-17 IIV-6 Inhibits NF-κB Responses in Drosophila West, Cara Rus, Florentina Chen, Ying Kleino, Anni Gangloff, Monique Gammon, Don B. Silverman, Neal Viruses Article The host immune response and virus-encoded immune evasion proteins pose constant, mutual selective pressure on each other. Virally encoded immune evasion proteins also indicate which host pathways must be inhibited to allow for viral replication. Here, we show that IIV-6 is capable of inhibiting the two Drosophila NF-κB signaling pathways, Imd and Toll. Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene induction downstream of either pathway is suppressed when cells infected with IIV-6 are also stimulated with Toll or Imd ligands. We find that cleavage of both Imd and Relish, as well as Relish nuclear translocation, three key points in Imd signal transduction, occur in IIV-6 infected cells, indicating that the mechanism of viral inhibition is farther downstream, at the level of Relish promoter binding or transcriptional activation. Additionally, flies co-infected with both IIV-6 and the Gram-negative bacterium, Erwinia carotovora carotovora, succumb to infection more rapidly than flies singly infected with either the virus or the bacterium. These findings demonstrate how pre-existing infections can have a dramatic and negative effect on secondary infections, and establish a Drosophila model to study confection susceptibility. MDPI 2019-05-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6563256/ /pubmed/31052481 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11050409 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article West, Cara Rus, Florentina Chen, Ying Kleino, Anni Gangloff, Monique Gammon, Don B. Silverman, Neal IIV-6 Inhibits NF-κB Responses in Drosophila |
title | IIV-6 Inhibits NF-κB Responses in Drosophila |
title_full | IIV-6 Inhibits NF-κB Responses in Drosophila |
title_fullStr | IIV-6 Inhibits NF-κB Responses in Drosophila |
title_full_unstemmed | IIV-6 Inhibits NF-κB Responses in Drosophila |
title_short | IIV-6 Inhibits NF-κB Responses in Drosophila |
title_sort | iiv-6 inhibits nf-κb responses in drosophila |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6563256/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31052481 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11050409 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT westcara iiv6inhibitsnfkbresponsesindrosophila AT rusflorentina iiv6inhibitsnfkbresponsesindrosophila AT chenying iiv6inhibitsnfkbresponsesindrosophila AT kleinoanni iiv6inhibitsnfkbresponsesindrosophila AT gangloffmonique iiv6inhibitsnfkbresponsesindrosophila AT gammondonb iiv6inhibitsnfkbresponsesindrosophila AT silvermanneal iiv6inhibitsnfkbresponsesindrosophila |