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On the Origin of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: From Gonocytes to Testicular Cancer
Human primordial germ cells (PGCs) have been described in the yolk sac wall around the beginning of the third week. From week 4 to 5, they migrate under control of SCF/c-KIT signaling pathway to the genital ridge, where they become gonocytes. PGCs and gonocytes express classic pluripotency markers,...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6563414/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31244770 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00343 |
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author | Baroni, Tiziano Arato, Iva Mancuso, Francesca Calafiore, Riccardo Luca, Giovanni |
author_facet | Baroni, Tiziano Arato, Iva Mancuso, Francesca Calafiore, Riccardo Luca, Giovanni |
author_sort | Baroni, Tiziano |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human primordial germ cells (PGCs) have been described in the yolk sac wall around the beginning of the third week. From week 4 to 5, they migrate under control of SCF/c-KIT signaling pathway to the genital ridge, where they become gonocytes. PGCs and gonocytes express classic pluripotency markers, such as KIT, NANOG, and OCT3/4 that, during spermatogonia differentiation, are gradually suppressed, and substituted by the expression of some germ cell specific genes, such as VASA, SOX17, and TSPY. These genes, during normal development of germ cells, are tightly regulated by epigenetic modification, in terms of microRNA expression and DNA methylation. In adolescents and young adults, testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) have a common precursor, the germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS); the hypothesis of their origin from PGCs or gonocytes, whose maturation is altered, is widely accepted. The origin of TGCT, probably starting at early stages of embryogenesis, seems to be a part of the Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome (TDS) where some early PGC/gonocytes, for still unclear reasons, are blocked in their differentiation, retaining their early marker profile. In this paper, current knowledge on the combination of epidemiological and genomic factors, involved in the development of testicular germ cell tumors, is reviewed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6563414 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65634142019-06-26 On the Origin of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: From Gonocytes to Testicular Cancer Baroni, Tiziano Arato, Iva Mancuso, Francesca Calafiore, Riccardo Luca, Giovanni Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Human primordial germ cells (PGCs) have been described in the yolk sac wall around the beginning of the third week. From week 4 to 5, they migrate under control of SCF/c-KIT signaling pathway to the genital ridge, where they become gonocytes. PGCs and gonocytes express classic pluripotency markers, such as KIT, NANOG, and OCT3/4 that, during spermatogonia differentiation, are gradually suppressed, and substituted by the expression of some germ cell specific genes, such as VASA, SOX17, and TSPY. These genes, during normal development of germ cells, are tightly regulated by epigenetic modification, in terms of microRNA expression and DNA methylation. In adolescents and young adults, testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) have a common precursor, the germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS); the hypothesis of their origin from PGCs or gonocytes, whose maturation is altered, is widely accepted. The origin of TGCT, probably starting at early stages of embryogenesis, seems to be a part of the Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome (TDS) where some early PGC/gonocytes, for still unclear reasons, are blocked in their differentiation, retaining their early marker profile. In this paper, current knowledge on the combination of epidemiological and genomic factors, involved in the development of testicular germ cell tumors, is reviewed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-06-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6563414/ /pubmed/31244770 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00343 Text en Copyright © 2019 Baroni, Arato, Mancuso, Calafiore and Luca. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Endocrinology Baroni, Tiziano Arato, Iva Mancuso, Francesca Calafiore, Riccardo Luca, Giovanni On the Origin of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: From Gonocytes to Testicular Cancer |
title | On the Origin of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: From Gonocytes to Testicular Cancer |
title_full | On the Origin of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: From Gonocytes to Testicular Cancer |
title_fullStr | On the Origin of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: From Gonocytes to Testicular Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | On the Origin of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: From Gonocytes to Testicular Cancer |
title_short | On the Origin of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: From Gonocytes to Testicular Cancer |
title_sort | on the origin of testicular germ cell tumors: from gonocytes to testicular cancer |
topic | Endocrinology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6563414/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31244770 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00343 |
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